chap, xiii.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION. 423 



sufficiently numerous to allow us to determine their relations, 

 and trace their origin, with unusual precision. There are 96 

 genera and 160 species ot land-birds known to inhabit this group 

 of islands ; and on a careful analysis, they are found to be almost 

 equally related to the Australian and Oriental regions, 30 genera 

 being distinctly traceable to the former, and the same number to 

 the latter. Their connection with the Moluccas is shown by the 

 presence of the genera Mimeta, Geoffroyits, Cacatua, Ptilopus, and 

 Ianthcenas, together with Mcgapodius and Ccrchneis represented 

 by Moluccan species. Turaccena shows a connection with 

 Celebes, and Scops is represented by a Celebesian species. The 

 connection with Australia is shown by the genera Sphcccothera, 

 Gerygone, Myiagra, Pardalotus, Gliciphila, Amadina, and Apros- 

 mictus ; while Milvus, Hypotriorchis, Ettdynamis, and Eurysto- 

 mus, are represented by Australian species. Other genera con- 

 fined to or characteristic of the Australian region, are Rhipidura, 

 Monarcha, Artarnus, Campephaga, Pachycephala, Philemon, Ptilo- 

 tis, and Myzomela. 



We now come to the Indo-Malay or Javan element represented 

 by the following genera : 



1. Turdus (T.) 11. Oriolus. 21. Yungipicus. 



2. Geocichla (T.) 12. Pericrocotus. 22. Merops. 



3. Zoothera. 13. Cyornis (T.) 23. Pelargopsis. 



4. Megalurus (T.) 14. Hypothymis. 24. Ceyx. 



5. Orthotomus. 15. Tchitrea. 25. Loriculus. 



6. Pratincola (T.) 16. Lanius (T.) 26. Treron (T.) 



7. Oreicola (T.) 17. Anthreptes. 27. lotreron (s.g. of Ptilopus). 



8. Drymocataphus (T.) 18. Eulabes. 28. Chalcophaps (T.) 



9. Parus. 19. Estrilda (T.) 29. Gallus (T.) 

 10. Pycnonotus. 20. Erythrura (T.) 30. Strix. 



Such genera as Merops and Strix, which are as much Austra- 

 lian as Oriental, are inserted here because they are represented by 

 Javan species. The list is considerably swelled by genera which 

 have reached Lombok across the narrow strait from Baly, but 

 have passed no further. Such are Zoothera, Orthotomus, Pycno- 

 notus, Pericrocotus and Strix. A much larger number (12) stop 

 short at Flores, leaving only 13, indicated in the list by (T) after 

 their names, which reach Timor. It is evident, therefore, that 

 these islands have been stocked from three chief sources, — the 



