432 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part hi. 



greatest on the Austro-Malay or Australian side. We have now 

 to consider what further light can be thrown on the subject by 

 the consideration of the peculiar genera of Celebes, and of those 

 curiosities or anomalies of distribution to which we have 

 referred. 



Nine genera of birds are altogether peculiar to Celebes ; three 

 more are found only in one other island, and seem to be typi- 

 cally Celebesian ; while one is found in the Sula islands (which 

 belongs to the Celebes group) and probably exists in Celebes 

 also. The following is a list of these 13 genera : 



1. Artamides... (Campephagidae) 8. Monachalcyon (Alcedinidae) 



2. Strcptocitta .. (Corvidae) 9. Gittura ... „ 



3. Charitornis.. „ 10. Ceycopsis ... „ 



4. Gazzola, (s. g. ) „ 11. Meropogon .. (Meropidae) 



5. Basilornis .. (Sturnidae) 12. Prioniturus. (Psittacidae) 



6. Enodes ... „ 13. Megacephalon (Megapodiidae) 



7. Scissirostrum „ 



Of the above, Artamides, Monachalcyon, Cittura, and Megace- 

 phalon, are modifications of types characteristic of the Australian 

 region. All are peculiar to Celebes except Gittura, found also in 

 the Sanguir islands to the northward, but which seems to belong 

 to the Moluccan group. Strcptocitta, Charitornis, and Gazzola, 

 are peculiar types of Corvidse; the two former allied to the 

 magpies, the latter to the jackdaws. Charitornis is known only 

 from the Sula islands east of Celebes, and is closely related to 

 Strcptocitta. There is nothing comparable to these three groups 

 in any of the Malay islands, and they seem to have relations 

 rather with the Corvidse of the old-world northern continent. 

 Basilornis, Enodes, and Scissirostrum, are remarkable forms of 

 Sturnidse. Basilornis has a beautiful compressed crest, which in 

 the allied species found in Ceram is elongated behind. Enodes 

 has remarkable red superciliary streaks, but seems allied to 

 Calornis. Scissirostrum seems also allied to Calomis in general 

 structure, but has a very peculiarly formed bill and nostrils. We 

 can hardly say whether these three forms show more affinity to 

 Oriental or to Australian types, but they add to the weight of 

 evidence as to the great antiquity and isolation of the Celebesian 

 fauna. Scissirostrum has been classed with Euryceros, a Mada- 



