INDEX. 



497 



Leptosomus, allied form in European Eocene,168 

 Leptosoiuus of Madagascar, 278 



figure of, 279 

 Leptotherium, in Brazilian caves, 144 

 Lepus, in Brazilian caves, 145 



S. American Pliocene, 147 

 Lestodon, S. American Pliocene, 147 

 Lewis, Mr. George, his collection of Japan 



insects, 228 

 LebeUula, from the Lias, 167 

 Lilljeborg, Professor, on classification of the 



Kodentia, 90 

 Limnma, Eocene, 169 



European Secondary, 169 

 Limnatornis, European Miocene, 161 

 Limnoeyon, N. American Tertiary, 134 

 Limnohyns, N. American Tertiary, 136 

 Limnotkeridce, N. American Tertiary, 133 

 Limnotherium, N. American Tertiary, 133 

 Listriodon, European Miocene, 119 

 Lithomys, European Miocene, 120 

 Lithornis, European Eocene, 163 

 Lizards, classification of, 99 



Tertiary, 165 



wide range of a species in Polynesia, 448 

 Loncheres, in Brazilian caves, 145 

 Lonchophoms, in Brazilian caves, 145 

 Lophiodon, European Eocene, 125 



N. American Tertiary, 136 

 Lophiotherium, N. American Tertiary, 136 

 Lord Howe's Island, birds of, 453 

 Loxomylus, Pliocene of Antilles, 148 

 Lund, Dr., his researches in caves of Brazil, 143 

 Lutra, European Miocene, 118 



Indian Miocene, 121 

 Lyccena, Miocene of Greece, 115 

 Lyre-bird, figure of, 441 



M. 



Macacus, European Pliocene, 112 



Miocene of Greece, 115 



Indian Miocene, 121 



supposed in European Eocene, 125 

 Machairodiis, 110, 111 



Miocene of Greece, 115 



European Miocene, 118 



Indian Miocene, 121 



N. American Tertiary, 134 



in Brazilian caves, 144 



S. American Pliocene, 146 

 Macranchenia, S. American Pliocene, 146 

 Macrotherium, Miocene of Greece, 116 



European Miocene, 121 

 Madagascar, extinct birds of, 164 



description of, 272 



mammalia of, 272 



birds of, 274 



reptiles of, 279 



amphibia of, 280 



extinct fauna of, 282 



general remarks on insect fauna of, 284 

 Madeira, birds of, 20S 



land shells of, 20S 



beetles of, 210 



wingless insects numerous in, 211 



how stocked with animals, 213 

 Malacca, Sumatra, and Borneo, zoological 

 unity of, 353 



comparison of mammalia, 354 



of birds, 355 

 Malagasy sub-region, description of, 272 



mammalia of, 272 



birds of, 274 



illustration of zoology of, 278 



Malagasy sub-region, reptiles of, 279 



amphibia of, 280 



extinct fauna of, 2S2, 289 



insects of, 282 



early history of, 286 

 Malaya and Indo-Malaya, terms defined, 345 



(note) 

 Malavan forms of life reappearing in West 



' Africa, 263 



fauna, probable origin of, 359 



resemblances to that of Madagascar and 

 Ceylon explained, 361 

 Malta, Post-Pliocene fauna of, 114 



formerly joined to Africa, 201 



fossil elephants of, 201 



birds of, 206 (note) 

 Mammalia, means of dispersal of, 10 



as limited by climate, 11 



as limited by rivers, 12 



how far limited by the sea, 13 



dispersed by ice-floes and drift-wood, 14 



means of dispersal of aquatic, 15 



of most importance in determining zoo- 

 logical regions, 57 



classification of, 85 



birthplace and migrations of some families 

 of, 142, 153 



cosmopolitan groups of, 176 



of the Palsearctic region, 1S1 



of the European sub-region, 192 



of the Mediterranean sub-region, 202 



of the Siberian sub-region, 217 



characteristic of Western Tartary, 218 



of the Manchurian sub-region, 222 



Patearctic genera of, in the Manchurian 

 sub-region, 222 



Oriental genera of, on borders of same 

 sub-region. 223 



peculiar to Japan, 223 



characteristic of N. W. China and Mongolia, 

 226 



table of Palsarctic families of, 234 



range of Palaearetic genera of, 239 



of the Ethiopian region, 253 



absence of certain important groups, 253 



of the East African sub-region, 260 



of West Africa, 262 



of S. Africa, 267 



of Madagascar, 272 



table of Ethiopian families of, 294 



table of Ethiopian genera of, 300 



of the Oriental region, 315 



range of the genera inhabiting the Indian 

 sub-region, 322 



of Ceylon, 327 



of the Indo-Chinese sub-region, 330 



of the Indo-Malayan sub-region, 336 



illustration of characteristic Malayan, 

 336 



of the Philippine Islands, 345 



table of Oriental families of, 365 



table of Oriental genera of, :;7l 



of Australian region, 390 



of the Papuan Islands, 410 



of the Moluccas, 417 



of Timor group, 422 



of Celebes, 427 



of Australia, 439 



illustration of, 439 



of New Zealand, 450 



table of families of Australian, 470 



table Of genera of Australian, 475 



Mammal, the most ancient American, 134 

 Mammalia, extinct, of Old World, 107 

 extinct, of historic period, 110 

 extinct, comparative age of in Europe, 127 



