INDEX. 



499 



N. 



Nannhijiis, N. American Tertiary, 137 

 Nosua, in Brazilian caves, 144 

 Nearctic region, defined, 79 



subdivisions of, 80 



distinct from PalKarctic, 79 

 Jfecrornis, European Miocene, 161 

 Neotropical region, defined, 78 



subdivisions of, 78 



relations of W. African sub-region with, 265 

 A'esodon, S. American Pliocene, 147 

 Newton, Professor, on position of M enuridcB 

 and Atrichiidce, 95 



on birds of Iceland, 19S 

 New Caledonia, birds of, 444 

 New Guinea, zoology of, 409 



mammalia of, 410 



birds of, 411 



peculiarities of its ornithology, 413 



illustration of ornithology of, 414 



reptiles ar.d amphibia of, 415 



insects of, 416 

 New Zealand, objections to making a primary 

 zoological region, 62 



extinct birds of, 164 



sub-region, description of, 449 



compared with British Isles, 449 



mammalia of, 451 



islets of, 453 



illustration of ornithology of, 455 



reptiles of, 456 



amphibia of, 457 



fresh-water fish of, 457 



insects of, 458 



Longicorns of, 458 



Myriapoda of, 458 



land-shells of, 459 



ancient fauna of, 460 



origin of fauna of, 460 



poverty of insects in, 462 



relations of insect-fauna and flora, 472 

 Nicobar Islands, their zoological relations, 332 

 Nightingale, migration of the, 21 

 Norfolk Island, birds of, 453 

 North America, remarks on Post-Pliocene 

 fauna of, 130 



Post-Pliocene fauna of, partly derived from 

 S. America, 131 



extinct birds of, 163 

 North Africa, zoological relations of, 202 

 Notharctos, N. American Tertiary, 133 

 Notornis of New Zealand, 455 

 Notothcrium, Australian Post-Tertiary, 157 



O. 



Oehotherium, in Brazilian caves, 145 

 Ododontida;, S. American Pliocene, 147 

 Ophidia, classification of, 99 

 Opisthocomns, Brazilian caves, 164 

 Opossvm, extinct, in European Miocene, 121 

 Oreodon, N. American Tertiary, 138 

 Oreodontidce, N. American Tertiary, 138 

 Oriental region, defined, 75 



subdivisions of, 75 



description of, 314 



zoological features of, 315 



mammalia of, 315 



birds of, 316 



reptiles of, 317 



amphibia of, 317 



fresh-water lishes of, 318 



summary of vertebrate, 318 



insects of, 31S 



sub-regions of, 321 



Oriental region, concluding remarks on, 362 

 tables of distribution of animals of, 364 

 Oriental relations of \V. African sub-region, 265 

 Oriental and Pakearctic faunas once identical, 



362 

 Oriental and Ethiopian faunas, cause of their 



resemblances, 363 

 Orohippus, N. American Tertiary, 136 

 Ostrich, Miocene of N. India, 162 

 Maria, European Miocene, 118 

 Ovibos, N. American Post-Pliocene, 130 

 Oxen, birthplace and migrations of, 155 



Palwarctic, 182 

 Oxycena, N. American Tertiary, 134 

 Oxygomphus, European Miocene, 118 

 Oxymycterus, in Brazilian caves, 145 

 S. American Pliocene, 147 



Pachya-na, N. American Tertiary, 134 

 Pachynolophus, European Eocene, 126 

 Pachytheriitm, in Biazilian caves, 145 

 Palflearctic region, defined, 71 



subdivisions of, 71 



general features of, 180 



zoological characteristics of, 181 



has few peculias families, 181 



mammalia of, 181 



birds of, 182 



high degree of speciality of, 184 



reptiles and amphibia of, 186 



fresh-water fish of, 186 



summary of vertebrata of, 1S6 



insects of, 186 



coleoptera of, 187 



number of coleoptera of, 189 



land-shells of, 190 



sub-regions of, 190 



general conclusions on the fauna of, 231 



tables of distribution of animals of, 233 

 Palceucodcn, N. American Tertiary, 133 

 Palaietvs, European Miocene, 162 

 Palcegithalus, European Eocene, 162 

 Palcclodiis, European Miocene, 162 

 Palceocastor, N. American Tertiary, 140 

 Palceocereus, European Miocene, 162 

 Pahrochanis, European Miocene, 119 

 Palceohierax, European Miocene, 162 

 Palcvolagus, N. American Tertiary, 140 

 Pala:o!avia,S. American Pliocene, 147 

 Palwomephitis, European Miocene, 118 

 Palwovieryx, European Miocene, 120 

 Pclceomys, European Miocene, 121 

 Pdlaeontina oolitica, Oolitic insect, 167 

 Palaeontology, 107 



how best studied in its bearing on geo- 

 graphical distribution, 108 



as an introduction to the study of geo- 

 graphical distribution, concluding re- 

 marks on, 169 

 , tis, European Eocene, 125 

 Pala'operdix, European Miocene, 161 

 Palceoi hri/nus, European Miocene, 166 



, Miocene of Greece, 1 16 

 Palceortyx, European Miocene, L61 



r, Miocene of Greece, 116 

 Palceosj alax, 111 



European Miocene, 117 

 Palceosyops, N. American Tertiary, 136 

 Palceotheridas, European Eocene, 125 

 Palceotherivm, European Eocene, 125 



8. American Eocene, 148 

 Palceotragus, Miocene of Greece, 116 

 Palccotringa, N. American Cretaceous, 164 



