404 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part in. 



whicli are absent from Australia proper. Such of these as are 

 common to the Malay archipelago as a whole, have been already- 

 noted ; we shall here confine ourselves more especially to the 

 groups peculiar to the region, which are almost all either 

 Australian or Austro-Malayan, the Pacific Islands and New 

 Zealand being very poor in insect life. 



Lcfidoptera. — Australia itself is poor in butterflies, except in 

 its northern and more tropical parts, where green Ornithopteroi 

 and several other Malayan forms occur. In South Australia 

 there are less than thirty-five species, whereas in Queensland tbere 

 are probably over a hundred. The peculiar Australian forms 

 are few. In the family Satyrid^e, Xcnica and Hctcronijiiipha, 

 with Hypocista extending to New Guinea ; among the Lycte- 

 nidae, Ogyris and Utica are confined to Australia proper, and 

 Hypochrysops to the region ; and in PapiKonida?, the remark- 

 able Eurycus is confined to Australia, but is allied to Enryades, 

 a genus found in Temperate South America (La Plata), and to 

 the Parnassius of the aSTorth-Temperate zone. 



The Austro-]Malay sub-region has more peculiar forms. Hama- 

 dryas, a genus of Danaida3, approximates to some South American 

 forms; Hyades and Hyantis are remarkable groups of Morjjhidse; 

 Mynes and Frothoe are fine Nymphalida:', the former extending to 

 Queensland ; Dicallaneura, a genus of Erycinidse, and Elodina, 

 of Pieridte, are also peculiar forms. The fine jEgcus group of 

 Fapilio, and FrUnnus group of Oriiithoptcra, also belong exclu- 

 sively to this region. 



Xois is confint d to the Fiji Islands, Blctogona to Celebes, and 

 Acropthahnia to Xew Zealand, all genera of Satyridae. Seven- 

 teen genera in all are confined to the Australian region. 



Among the Sphingina, FoUcmisiis, a genus of Zygsenidse, is 

 Australian ; also four genera of Castniidte — Syncmon, Euschemon, 

 Dconias, and Cocyiia, the latter being confined to the Papuan 

 islands. The occurrence of this otherwise purely South American 

 family in the Australian region, as well as the affinity of Eurycus 

 and Enryades noticed above, is interesting ; but as we have seen 

 that the genera and families of insects are more permanent than 

 those of the higher animals, and as the groups in question are 



