INDEX. 



497 



Leptosomtts, allied form in European Eocene, 108 

 Leptosonius of Madagascar, 278 



figure of, 279 

 Leptolhci-inm, in Brazilian caves, 144 

 Lepus, ill Brazilian caves, 14o 



S. American Pliocene, 147 

 Lestodon, S. American Pliocene, 147 

 Lewis, iMr. George, his collection of Japan 



insects, 228 

 Lehellula, from the Lias, 167 

 Lilljeborg, Professor, on classification of the 



Rodentia, 90 

 Limncea, Eocene, 16!) 



European Secondary, 169 

 Limnatornis, European Miocene, 161 

 Limnocyon, N. American Tertiary, 134 

 Limnohym, N. American Tertiary, 136 

 Limnotheridce, N. American Tertiary, 133 

 Limnothcruim, X. American Tertiary, 133 

 Listriodoii, European Miocene, 119 

 Lithomys, European Miocene, 120 

 Lithornis, European Eocene, 1G3 

 Lizards, classification of, 99 



Tertiary, 165 



wide range of a species in Polynesia, 448 

 Lonclieres, in Brazilian caves, 145 

 Lonchophorus, in Brazilian caves, 145 

 Lophiodon, European Eocene, 120 



N. American Tertiary, 136 

 LopJtiotherium, N. American Tertiary, 136 

 Lord Howe's Island, birds of, 453 

 Loxomyhis, Pliocene of Antilles, 148 

 Lund, Dr., his reseaivhes in caves of Brazil, 143 

 Lutra, European Miocene, 118 



Indian Miocene. 121 

 Lyccena, Miocene of Greece, 115 

 Lyre bird,' figure of, 441 



M. 



Macacus, European Pliocene, 112 



Miocene of Greece, 115 



Indian Miocene, 121 



supposed in European Eocene, 125 

 MachaArodus, 110, 111 



Miocene of Greece, 115 



European Miocene, 118 



Indian Miocene, 121 



N. American Tertiary, 134 



in Brazilian caves, 144 



S. American Pliocene, 146 

 Macranchc.nia, S. American Pliocene, 146 

 Macrotheriuin, Miocene of Greece, 116 



European Miocene, 121 

 Madagascar, extinct birds of, 164 



description of, 272 



mammalia of, 272 



birds of, 274 



reptiles of, 279 



amphil)ia of. 280 



extinct fauna of, 2S2 



general remarks on insect fauna of, 284 

 Madeira, Iiirds of, 208 



land shells of, 208 



beetles of, 210 



■wingless insects numerous in. 211 



how stocked with animals, 213 

 Malacca, Suniatr.a, and Borneo, zoological 

 unity of, 353 



comparison of mammalia, 354 



of birds, 355 

 Malagasy sub-region, description of, 272 



mammalia of, 272 



birds of, 274 



illustration of zoologv of, 278 



Malagasy sub-region, reptiles of, 279 

 amphibia of, 280 

 extinct fauna of, 282, 289 

 insects of, 282 

 early history of, 2S6 

 Malaya and Indo-Malaya, terms defined, 345 



(note) 

 Malayan forms of life reappearing in West 

 ' Africa, 263 



faima, probable origin of, 359 

 resemblances to that of Madagascar and 



Ceylon explained, 301 

 Malta, Post- Pliocene fauna of, 114 

 formerly joined to Africa, 201 

 fossil elephants of, 201 

 birds of, 206 {liote) 

 Mammalia, means of dispersal of, 10 

 as limited by climate, 11 

 as limited by rivers, 12 

 how far limited by the sea, 13 

 dispersed by ice-floes and drift-wood, 14 

 means of dispersal of aquatic. 1.5 

 of most importance in determining zoo- 

 logical regions, 57 

 classification of, 85 

 birthplace and migi-ationsofsome families 



of, 142, 153 

 cosmopolitan groups of, 176 

 of the Pahearctic region, 181 

 of the Eurojiean sub-region, 192 

 of the Jlediterranean sub-region, 202 

 of the Siberian sub-region, 217 

 characteristic of Western Tartai-y, 218 

 of the Manchurian sub-region, 2"::2 

 Pala?arctic genera of, in the Manchurian 



sub-region, 222 

 Oriental genera of, on borders of same 



sub-region. 223 

 peculiar to Japan, 223 

 characteristic of N. W. China and Mongolia, 



226 

 table of Palffarctic families of, 234 

 range of Palnarctic genera of, 239 

 of the Ethiopian region, 253 

 absence of certain important groups, 253 

 of the East African sub-region. 260 

 of West Africa, 262 

 of S. Africa, 267 

 of Madagascar, 272 

 table of Ethiopian families of, 294 

 table of Ethiopian genera of, 300 

 of the Oriental region, 315 

 range of the genera inhabiting the Indian 



sub-region, 322 

 of Ceylon, 327 



of the Indo-Chinese sub-region, 330 

 of the Indo-Malayan sub-region, 336 

 illustration of characteristic ilala^an, 



336 

 of the Philippine Islands, 345 

 table of Oriental families of, 305 

 table of Oriental genera of, 371 

 of Australian region, 390 

 of the Papuan Islands, 410 

 of the Moluccas, 417 

 of Timor group, 422 

 of Celebes, 427 

 of Australia, 439 

 illustration of, 439 

 of New Zealand, 450 

 table of families of Australian, 470 

 table of genera of Australian. 475 

 Mammal, the most ancient American, 134 

 Mammalia, extinct, of Old World, 107 

 extinct, of historic period, 110 

 extinct, comparative age of in Europe, 157 



K K 



