INDEX. 



499 



N. 



Nannhuvx, K. American Tertiary, 137 

 Js'asiia, in Brazilian caves, 144 

 Nearctic region, defined, 79 



subdivisions oC, 80 



distinct from Palrearctie, 79 

 Necrornis, European Miocene, ICl 

 Neotropical region, defined, 7b 



subdivisions of, 78 



relations of W. African sub-region with, Ct!5 

 Acsodon, S. American Pliocene, 147 

 Newton, Professor, on position of Menvridw 

 and Airichiidce, 95 



on birds of Iceland, 198 

 New Caledonia, birds of, 444 

 New Guinea, zoology of, 409 



manunalia of, 410 



birds of, 411 



peculiarities of its ornithology, 413 



illustration of ornithology of, 414 



rejitiles and amphibia of, 415 



insects of, 41(3 

 New Zealand, objections to making a primary 

 zoological region, 62 



extinct birds of, 164 



sub-region, description of, 449 



compared with British Isles, 449 



mammalia of, 451 



islets of, 453 



illustration of ornithology of, 4:5 



reptiles of, 456 



amphibia of, 457 



fresh-water fish of, 457 



insects of, 458 



Longicorns of, 458 



Myriapoda of, 45S 



land-shells of, 459 



ancient fauna of, 460 



origin of fauna of, 460 



poverty of insects in, 462 



relations of insect-fauna and flora, 472 

 Nicobar Islands, their zoological relations, 332 

 Nightingale, migration of the, 21 

 Norfolk Island, birds of, 453 

 North America, remarks on Post-PIircene 

 fauna of, 130 



Post-Pliocene fauna of, partly derived from 

 S. America, 131 



extinct birds of, 163 

 North Africa, zoological relations of, 202 

 Notharctos, N. American Tertiary, 133 

 Notornis of New Zealand, 455 

 Nototherhim, Australian Post-Tertiary, 157 



O. 



OcTiotlierni'm, in Brazilian oaves, 145 

 Octodontidce, S. American Pliocene, 147 

 Ophiriia, classification of, P9 

 Oj-isthocovivs, Brazilian caves, 164 

 Opossvm, extinct, in European Miocene, 121 

 Oreodoii, N. American Tertiary, 138 

 Orcodovtidcr, N. American Tertiary, 138 

 Orienlal region, defined, 75 



subdivisions of, 75 



description of, 314 



zoological features of, 315 



mammalia of, 315 



birds of, 310 



reptiles of, 317 



am]ihibia of, 317 



fresh-water fishes of, 318 



summary of vertebrata, ^18 



insects of. 318 



sub-regions of, 321 



Oriental region, concluding remarks on, 362 

 tables of distribution of animals of, 364 

 Oriental relations of ft'. African sub- region, 265 

 Oriental and Pala-arctic faunas once identical, 



362 

 Oriental and Ethiopian faunas, cause of their 



resemblances, 363 

 Oro7iifq)us, N. American Tertiary, 136 

 Ostrich, Miocene of N. India, 162 

 Otaria, European Miocene, 118 

 Ovibos, N. American Post-Pliocene, 1.30 

 Oxen, birthplace and migrations of, 155 



Pala'arctic, 182 

 Oxycena, N. American Tertiaiy, 134 

 Oxygomphns, European Jliocene, 118 

 Oxymyctenis, in Brazilian caves, 145 

 S. American Pliocene, 147 



PacJiycfna, N. American Tertiary, 134 

 Pachynoloplms, European Eocene, 126 

 Pack yiheri urn, in Brazilian caves, 145 

 Palpearctic region, defined, 71 



subdivisions of, 71 



general features of, 180 



zoological characteristics of, 181 



has few peculiac families, 181 



mauimalia of, 181 



birds of, 182 



high degree of speciality of, 184 



reptiles and amphibia of, 186 



fresh-water fish of, 186 



summary of vertebrata of, 186 



insects of, 186 



coleoptera of, 1S7 



number of col<-o)itera of, 189 



land-shells of, HO 



sub-regions of, 190 



general conclusions on the founa of, 231 



tables of distribution of animals of, 233 

 Palceucodcn, N. American Tertiary, 133 

 Palceetvs, Eurojiean Miocene, 162 

 Palcegithdlus, European Eocene, 162 

 Pake/odvs, Eurojiean Miocene, 162 

 Pakeocastor, N. American Tertiary, 140 

 Palceoccrcvs, European Miocene, 162 

 I'alceocha'nis, European Miocene, 119 

 Pulceohierax, European Miocene, 162 

 Palaolagiis, N. American Tertiary, 140 

 Palwolama, S. American Pliocene, 147 

 Pala'omepliitis, European Miocene, 118 

 Pnla'omeryx, European Miocene, 120 

 PdCEOviys, European Miocene, 121 

 Palceontina oolitka. Oolitic insect, 167 

 Palceontology, 107 



how best studied in its bearing on geo- 

 graphical distribution, 168 



as an introduction to the study of geo- 

 graphical distribution, concluding re- 

 marks on, 169 

 Palcronyctis, European Eocene, 125 

 PcheopcrJix, European Miocene, 161 

 P(i!a;oj:ihri/mts. European Miocene, 166 

 Palaoreas, Miocene of Greece, 116 

 Palccortyx, European Miocene, 161 

 Palaoryx, Miocene of Greece, 116 

 Palwospalax, 111 



European Miocene, 117 

 Pal(eos//ops, N. American Tertiary, 136 

 Palaotiierida', Eurojiean Eocene, 125 

 Pakrothermvi, European Eocene, 125 



S. American Eocene, 148 

 Palaotragns, M iocene of Greece, 116 

 Palceotrivga, N. American Cretaceous, 164 



