1897 ] BRIEFER ARTICLES 123 
ing in the woods or shady places. It is commonly the taller of the 
two, from three to five feet high, the radical leaves on petioles twelve 
to twenty inches long, the leaflets large, the terminal 2-4 inches long 
by 1%-3 inches wide. The leaflets are very sharply, often doubly 
serrate, or somewhat serrate-lobed. (4) A prairie or meadow form. 
This is usually seen in fields or in the thinly wooded sections of the 
sand dune region. It is a smaller plant, from eighteen inches to 
three feet high, the radical leaves on petioles a foot or less in length. 
The leaves are tinged with yellow, generally simply serrate, or the 
lower stem and radical leaves serrate-crenate. The fruit is essentially 
the same in both forms, though the carpels in (6) are apt to be broader 
than deep, a cross section approaching a circular form less nearly than 
in (a). The plants resemble Z. cordafa more than those of the woods 
form, but I have not found any with cordate leaves, nor detected Z. 
cordata in our local flora. 
The examples of 7. aureum which I have seen here do not conform 
either to the type or to the variety ¢ifoliatum. Though inclining to 
the variety it would be quite futile to try to draw a line of separation. The 
radical leaves, whether round-cordate and entire, or divided, are cre- 
nate or crenate-serrate. The cauline leaves change gradually along 
the stem from the basal with crenate-serrate margins to those which 
are serrate, the uppermost frequently quite sharply serrate. Plants 
with the radical leaves simple and cordate are common, but grow pro- 
miscuously with those having the radical leaves trifoliate, or both 
forms of radical leaves spring from the same root. A suite of radical 
leaves in various stages of development from the cordate to the tri- 
foliate, or even pinnate, can easily be collected. Some are two lobed, 
cleft or divided, others three lobed, cleft or divided, or variously 
: ie into subpinnate or pinnate forms. Cordate leaves are rarely 
absent from a group of plants. If not attached to the stem-root, a 
little searching reveals them as the leaves of seedlings close at hand. 
These are generally entire, but some have the lobation commenced. 
Dividing i is, however, infrequent until the root is old enough to bear a 
leafy stem. 
_ Sometimes the ribs of Z. aurea are expanded so as to make a 
ane  aureum that the two are readily separated specifically, even if they 
a a to = ed —— cena the ‘terminal fruit in the 
