172 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [MARCH 
undoubted antipodals. This might suggest that Casuarina may 
have antipodals which are also evanescent and hard to find. 
The synergids frequently havea strongly developed ‘filiform 
apparatus,’ which gives them a beaked appearance. The egg 
apparatus breaks through the wall of the macrospore and pro- 
jects into the micropyle. In a few cases the synergids were 
observed to persist until the embryo was almost in the cotyledon 
stage. 
5. The pollen tubes and fertilization— The pollen tubes were 
examined with great care in several species on account of the 
discovery of chalazogamy in several of the Amentifere, but in 
every case the pollen tube was observed to enter the micropyle. 
The beaks of the synergids open the micropyle and attract the 
pollen tube. 
The generative nucleus was observed in the pollen tube and 
in the oosphere, but not in the act of fusion. The polar nuclei 
fuse to form the primary endosperm nucleus before the fusion of 
sex cells takes place. As soon as the pollen tube enters the 
micropyle the primary endosperm nucleus begins to enlarge, and 
its division usually precedes that of the oospore. In one case 
the embryo had almost reached the cotyledon stage and the 
primary endosperm nucleus had not yet divided. 
6. Development of the embryo—The first division of the 
oospore is always transverse and that of the embryo cell is 
always longitudinal. The second division is usually longitudinal, 
but sometimes transverse, and the third division usually trans- 
verse but sometimes longitudinal. The differentiation of derma- 
togen usually immediately follows the octant state. The first 
pericline cutting off dermatogen appears in one quadrant as 
frequently as in another. Sometimes an octant will make one or 
two other divisions before the dermatogen is cut off. The der- 
matogen of the root tip is contributed by the upper cell of the 
suspensor. The suspensor does not contribute anything to the 
periblem. Periblem and plerome cannot be distinguished in 
early stages, as in Capsella. For a time, periblem and plerome — 
_— from a common cite but tows the. spat of intra- 
