334 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [May 
FORMATION AND TRANSLOCATION OF STARCH IN WINTER, 
As stated before, many of the evergreen leaves in Tokyo con- 
tain more or less starch in winter. A series of experiments was — 
performed to decide whether this starch is the product of photo- 
synthesis going on in winter, or that which was formed earlier 
and kept there in the mesophyll without translocation. The 
experiments were mostly made with pot-plants, plants growing 
in the ground out of doors sometimes being used. The follow- 
ing plants were used in the experiments: 
Thea japonica. Osmanthus fragrans. 
Fetsia japonica. Pinus densiflora. 
Rosa indica. Pinus Thunbergii. 
Andromeda japonica. Abies firma. 
Cinnamomum Camphora. Podocarpus macrophylla. 
Quercus Vibrayeana. Chamaecyparis obtusa brevira- 
Eriobotrya japonica. mea 
Hedera Helix colchica. Crypianene japonica. 
Ilex crenata. 
The experiments were conducted between January 8 and the 
end of February. First of all, plants which contain more OF 
less starch in the leaves were either put in the dark room” a 
covered with a black cylinder out of doors. After two or three. 
weeks the leaves of most of the darkened plants were © 
entirely free from starch. Then they were exposed to light. . 
most cases a small quantity of starch was formed after five 
eight hours of exposure; in some cases it took ten to 7 
hours or more. The results of a few experiments are giv n bel 
Thea japonica. 
Two pot-plants were used, each about a es ae 
_ January 23, 1899, several leaves from each plant were © ee 
for the starch contents and treated as below: — 
*® During January and February, the temperature of the dark room ™ 
vary between t°0 and 7°0C. 2 —— | 
. oe in some it took only ten days for the leaves to become free ® ogre 
in Cryptomeria japonica it took more than a month, probably due sel 
ag 
