383 BOTANICAL GAZETTE _ [May 
under the following heads: (1) Asymmetry of the normal Fibonacci series, 
(2) Symmetrical construction, in which the Fibonacci ratios are lost, (3) The 
special case of “least concentrated” asymmetry, (4) Non-concentrated sym- 
metry, (5) Multijugate systems, and (6) Anomalous systems. Subsequent 
sections will include the consideration of secondary disturbances in the pri- 
mary system, the relations of dorsiventral primordia, deductions from the 
mathematical investigations of the log. spiral systems, and the relation of all 
these factors to the interpretation of floral structures in the form of floral 
diagrams. — 
NOTES FOR STUDENTS. 
L, GUIGNARD” has discovered “double fertilization” to be a common 
phenomenon among the Ranunculaceae. To the species he had previously 
announced in 1900 (Ca/tha palustris, Ranunculus Flammula, Helleborus 
foetidus, Anemone nemorosa, Clematis Viticella, and Nigella sativa) he now 
adds Nigella Damascena and Ranunculus Cymbataria. Nawaschin published _ 
double fertilization in De/phinium elatum two years ago. Double fertiliza- _ 
tion, therefore, may be regarded as a general habit among Ranunculaceae.— — 
MC. 
oe Davip GriFFiTHs ® has described the self-burial of the seeds of Plan- 
Das tago fastigiata i in the desert region of southern Arizona. His conclusion is 
_ that the function of the mucilage is the burial of the seed, and that itis 
oS — by the tension set up owing to the contraction of the expanded 
ce which has become firmly attached around its outer and lower e¢ 
. to the particles of soil into which it has penetrated, resulting in a compacting 
_ of the soil immediately below the seed and its coat so as to form a pit | a 
hich the. seed is forced. The cup-shaped depression is subsequently 
th earth by entirely external influences.—J. M. C. 
__ IN A RECENT CONTRIBUTION ® from the Gray Herbarium, M. 
_ presents the northeastern Carices of the section Hyparrhena: color 
S clusions very different from those generally accepted by American caric 
7 
coke of bey new w species and ten new varieties. é the sec 
e being c. aguatilis, ce pilulifera, C. communis, C. pies 
= — — C. saltuensis, and C. rhe ~ [. eG 
ae hes a 1901. ; 
novel seed planter.’ Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 29 : 164- -169.. “1902 
FERNALD, } M. L., Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of H 
New ‘Series, no. 22. Proc. Amer. Acad. 37: pein oe 
