ORGANS OF SOME CALIFORNIAN LILIACEAE 405 
| years, and thus an old rhizome acquires a length of 
-12™, Upon its upper side the rhizome bears the 
of t the vanished aerial stems, each surrounded by a large 
et of bulb scales; at its basal end it is separated by a 
car from the dead portion. On its lower side the roots 
id, five to twelve to each year’s formation, starting rather 
to each other. They are over 15° long, in their basal 
mswollen to 3™™ in diameter, and branch rarely in the 
t, very rarely in the 2d degree. They live about five years, 
grow from the beginning almost vertically downwards, but 
t_change their course into the horizontal direction. The 
lien part i is contractile, and becomes wrinkled to a length of 
0 20™". The central cylinder is 10-archic, the endo- 
is furnished with yellowish 0-thickenings. In the active 
al parenchyma the cells of the innermost layers are radially | 
d, those of the outer strata collapsed and compressed. e 
lermis and hypodermis show the radial pee. aoe 
ndulated. The epidermis bears root hairs. — 
¢ thin, non-contractile end-portion, which otherwise | 
structure, the undulation of endodermis fee or 
Se Setting. ae 
ult specimens, which have an ample gr sed 
hi 
never found the position of t soem 
-cimens buried to an excessive = th 
as grows in the a of the 
) ces. As is known, it fower cont 
By the prolongation and curvature 
fruits are brought close to the soi 
he Be open fruits at the end of Ap 
