Dr. Engelmann. 
GRAPE MANUAL. 
Classification. ss 
rupestris and V, vulpina are never lobed. 
Only the leaves of flower-bearing canes ought 
to be considered as the normal ones. | 
The surface of the leaves is glossy and shin- 
ing, and mostly bright green. or in rupestris 
pale green ; or it is dull above and more or less 
glaucous hielsw: The glossy leaves are per- 
fectly glabrous, or they often bear, especially 
on the nerves of the lower side, a pubescence 
of short hair. The dull leaves are cottony or 
cobwebby. downy on both or only on the under 
side, and this down usually extends to the 
young branches and to the peduncles, but, as 
has been stated above, often disappears later 
in the season. 
~ On both sides of the insertion of the petiole 
or leafstalk into the branchlet, we find on very 
young, just developing shoots, small acces- 
sory organs, which soon disappear; they are 
the stipules. In most species they are thin, 
mem branaceous, rounded, at the top somewhat 
oblique, smooth in some, downy or woolly in 
other species, They are most conspicuous and 
elongated in Vitis riparia, in which I find 
them 24-3 lines long; in V. rupestris they are 
14-23 lines in length; in V. candicans and Cal- 
ifornica searcely shorter, in V. labrusca 14-2 
lines long; in V. estivalis, cordifolia, and most 
others, they are only one line long or less; in 
very vigorous young shoots they may some- 
times be larger, just as their leaves are also 
larger than the normal. 
Not much of a distinctive character can be 
made out of the flowers. Itis observed, how- 
ever, that in some forms the stamens are not 
longer than the pistil, and very soon bend 
under it, while in other forms they are much 
longer than the pistil, and remain straight till 
they fall off. It is possible that those with 
short stamens are less fertile than the others.* 
The time of flowering is quite characteristic 
of our native species, and it seems that the 
cultivated varieties retain herein the qualities 
of their native ancestors. The different forms 
0 ards 
One of the last flowering species i is edegisteen nip 
and still later, Cinerea. Vini, seems to 
flower soon after Labrusca, but it tie not Sok easlt- 
vated here, nor is Vulpina, which is probably 
_ the latest of all. V. candicans apparent! 
prominent, 
reliable, but bin tis sani 
locality. In favorable ieee and in early 
seasons they make their appearance in this 
vicinity as early as fone 25th, at other seasons 
sometimes as late as May 15th, or even 20th, 
on the average about May 10th, and generally 
about the time when the Acacias (Black Lo- 
custs) bloom, both filling the atmosphere with 
the sweetest prefumes. Cordifolia, and, after 
this, Cinerea, on the contrary, bloom from the 
last days in May to (in late seasons) the mid- 
e of June, when that weed among trees, the 
fetid Ailantus (misnamed the tree of Heaven), 
exhales its nauseous odors and the beautiful 
Catalpa expands its gorgeous hunches of flow- 
ers. V. palmata (Vahl), of which we do not 
yet know much, he latest flower- 
Grape-vines in flower here before April 25th 
or after June 20th. 
One of the botanical characters of the Grape- 
looser or more compact, 
branched (hou ldlerest} or more simple, econdi- 
tions which, to a great a“ depend on vari- 
ety, soil and exposure rries may be 
larger or pes of d ifferent color and consist- 
ency, and contain fewer or more seeds (never 
more than my but the seeds, though to some 
extent variable, especially on account of their 
number* and mutual pressure, where more — 
than one is present, exhibit some reliable dif- 
ferences. The big top of the seed is convex or 
rounded, or it is more or less deeply notched. 
The thin lower end hg sg 
short and abrupt, or it is more 
gated. On the mie (ventral) side are two 
shallow, — al epressions. 
Be is a ridge, slight where there 
are one or two seeds, or sharper where the _ 
seeds are ee wear as os. along she ridge 
the iphe ct 
from the Ailum, at the beak, over the top of 
the seed, and ends on its back in an elongated, 
oval or circular well-marked spot, called by 
botanists chalaza. This raphe is on that ridge 
represented by a slender thread, which on the | 
back of the seed is entirely indistinct, _ 
is more or less “ 
or a cord. In our 
top and bac 
or scarcely perceptible, or it is 
like 
— about the same time that Labrusea 
| years 
Actes to open its flowers about St. 
os foe ae to five weeks earlier than the first 
blossoms of stivalis are seen in the same 
Compare note on page 3. 
§ aa soar; thee eee 
es — 
