34 = Grafting. 
BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. 
Grafting. 
caused by the frost. In this latitude, however, 
we often have fine days in February and early 
in March, when the ground is open and before 
farther north, where the ground opens late 
and spring comes in abruptly, these days are 
generally so few that they can seldom be made 
of any use. For these latitudes the best oppor- 
tunity lies in the second period, or during the 
time in which the sap has ceased its active flow 
and exudes from the wound in a gummy state. 
Some even claim good success in mid-summer 
with scions of the same season’s growth. 
In describing the operation proper, of graft- 
ing in the several different methods, we do not 
think that we could give better directions than 
by following largely an excellent new French 
work, ‘+ Traité théorique et pratique du Greffage de 
la Vigne,” by AimMé CHAMPTIN, an eminent and 
most intelligent practical vineyardist, and a 
irited and elegant writer, who has 
man _Janguage by Dr. Roester. (‘‘ Der Wein- 
bau, seine Cultur und Veredlung, von Aimé 
Champin. A. Hartleben & Co.: Wien, 1882.’’) 
To Mr. Champin we are also indebted for the 
cuts relating to grafting, which are part of the 
seventy excellent illustrations embellishing 
Mr. Champin’s work. These cuts were drawn 
from Nature, with rare accuracy and skill, by 
Miss Aimée Champin. To all who are fnten: 
ested in the question of grape grafting, we can 
: d this work as one of the very best 
on the subject. 
The method of grafting most generally ap- 
plied for larger stocks, or for plants which are 
already established in the open ground, is 
‘“CLEFT GRAFTING.”’ After clearing away the 
soil around the collar of the stock to be oper- 
ated upon, to the depth of 3 or 4 inches, select. 
a place below the surface with a smooth exte- 
rior around the collar ; just above this place 
cut the vine off horizontally with a fine-toothed 
saw, or, in the case of smaller stocks, with a 
sharp knife; then split the stock with a com- 
mon grafting chisel, or other sharp instrument, 
so that the cleft willrun down about 1} or 2 
inches. Insert the small end of the grafting 
chisel, or a narrow wedge, in the centre of the 
cleft in order to keepit open, and then witha 
very sharp knife cut your scion—which may be 
3 to 4 inches long and have one or two eyes— 
to along wedge-shape at the lower end, soas 
to fit the cleft, leaving the outer side a trifle 
thicker than the inner one; insert if in the 
cleft so that — inner bark of both stock and 
scion uch as possible make a close fit 
on each other ; aren withdraw the wedge in the 
centre, and the scion will be held firmly in its 
place by the pressure of the stock. If the stock 
is a large one two scions may be inserted, one 
on each side. This mode of grafting answers 
for stocks varying from one-half to three inches 
in diameter. (See Figs. 45 and 46. 
Though not absolutely necessary with large 
stocks, it is best to wind the grafted plant 
tightly with some strong coarse string, or other 
suitable material, in order to bind stock and 
graft together. Then cover it with a grafting- 
elay ; this clay is best made by thoroughly mix- 
ing one part fresh cowdung with four parts of 
ordinary tenacious clay. Grafting-wax, such as 
es 
