Pruning. 
GRAPE MANUAL. 
Pruning. 43 
second season (the cross lines through the canes 
showing where they are cut off or pruned). 
_ Another good mode of training, reeommended 
by Fuller, is to bend down in fall, at the end 
of the second season, the two main canes of the 
vines (the laterals of which have been pinched 
back to concentrate the growth into these main 
canes) in opposite directions, laying and tying 
them against the lower wire or bar of the trel- 
lis, as shown in Fig. 63, and shortening them 
to four feet each. Then let five or six of the 
buds on the upper side of the arms be grown 
into upright canes. (See Fig. 68.) All buds 
and shoots not wanted for upright canes should 
be rubbed or broken off. This latter method i is 
not well adapted for varieties w 
covering in winter. Where the canes are 
started lower, near the ground, and cut loose 
from the wire, they can be easily covered with 
earth. 
time to keep it in our convenient control, we 
should allow no more wood to grow than we 
need for sg seasons’ bearing, and for this 
sort to spring pruning, generally, 
though operate. called 
SUMMER PRUNING. 
The time to perform the first summer pruning 
is when the young shoots are about six inches 
long, and when you can plainly see all the 
small bunches—the embryo fruit. We com- 
mence at the two lower spurs, having two buds 
each, and both started. One of them we intend 
next fall, we pinch with the thumb and finger 
to just beyond the last bunch or button, taking 
out the leader between the last bunch and the 
next leaf, as shown in Fig. 69. 
line indicating 
Ww 
checked, and pinch off the 
other. 
We now go over all ie 
At the commencement of the oi season (un- 
cover and) tie the canes to t rellis. For 
tying, any oe string or stout ian yarn, the 
shreds of old 
ed two weeks or longer in running 
water. Others plant the Golden Willow, and 
use its small twigs for tying purposes. Tie 
closely, and as young canes grow keep them 
tied, but, in all cases, take care against tying 
too tightly, as debts free flow of sap may be ob- 
structed. 
The ground is now plowed and hoed again, 
as before. One (6’’) deep plowing in spring, 
eoking care, ‘espana not to cut or tear the 
two more shallow (3”’ or 
Ranches snd fochle shoots. ae meer - sary 
Fig. 99. 
the last bunch. Should any of the budshave __ 
- pushed out two shoots, we rub off the weakest; oe 
we also take off all barren or weak shoots - 
which may have started from the foot of - 5 
will vine. 
“The bearing. branches hacia: all. been a 
