Insects. 
GRAPE MANUAL. 
Phylloxera. 53 
4 ger of Sep- 
8s 
attach th ig. 74. 
the roots, and thus hi- ynewry HATCHED GALL-LOUSE: 
bernate. It is anim- 4% Ventral; 4, dorsal view. 
ead fact that the gall-inhabiting insect occurs only 
pits c and — female form. It is but a 
nsien nt § summer state, 
hk ; 
i 
Fig. 75. MoTHER GALL-LOUSE: ee 
‘ventral and Gevank Viewn: ly on the Clinton and 
The root-inhabiting on of the ere Phylloxera 
hibernates mostly asa young larva, attached to the 
roots, and so deepened in = amas as to be ofa 
dull brassy brown, and the ved with diffi- 
culty, as the roots are often lot the same color. With 
the renewal of vine-growth in the “spring, this larva 
moults, rapidly 
laying eggs. eggs, in du ue time, give birth to 
young, which soon retina virgin ainda moth- 
ers like the first, and, like them, pres remai 
less. Five or six generations of these eating 
ie follow ¢ each other, Sper Oe | the napcca of 
- als begi mee to issue from 
the tins until vi vacerath ceases in the fall. Hay- 
ing issued from the ground while in the Sie state, 
prea 
base of the vine, and upon the 
leaves, especially on the under 
side, produce the sia indivi- 
duals, w born for no 
- : a repro- 
Mate Purtitoxera: duction of their kind, and are 
veaeat ie. without means of = or of 
— food. They are, however, quite active and 
Th bapeagude + 3.2.4, ¥ + nod 
it the ‘‘stem-mother,” . either goes directly on 
to the aga to found a root-feeding colony, or, under 
vorab gf Sa Ts founds a_ gall-inhabiting 
coe on the lea. 
Every piece of root having rootlets taken from an 
aily furnish, 
n or more winged females, which 
gather on the side of the jar toward the light. We 
may gather some idea from this fact, of the immense 
number that disperse through the air a new Pp 
from asingle acre of —— vines, in the ¢ 
Fig. 77. 
TYPe RADICOLA: showing the tubercles by 
which it is distinguist from Gallicoia, 
late summer and fall months. We have, es the 
its subterranean retreats. It a in the) 
from vine to vine and vineyard to ate ap 
when these are adj Re aoa esters passagesin the 
und itself, or ove ace; at the same time it 
is able, in the asi condition, to migrate to much 
more ee points. 
If to the wid aa we — aes occasionally i in- 
Modan unde nditio: 
i habit, and form g 
of certain varieties of grape-vines, we have ina general 
ry of the species. 
Ti. 41 ? 
ntually rot, and the lice forsake them 
until at last the. root-system literally wastes away. 
outward 1 manifestations of | disease ; only the second 
and third year 
and the lice not only prevent the formation of new 
ones, but rates on the larger roots, which also eventu- 
Wileit 
ally become disorganized and rot—do the outward 
symptoms of the disease t become ifest ina jane 
yellowish d d ere 
of cane; and the vine dies. When 
dying, it is generally impossible to aed aie 
of shy gy the lice having Grevionsly tot for sesh 
"fas is is frequently the case with i injurious | insects, ~ 
. certain species, and even isrminatesFetwen va fe 
