A472 GRAMINEH (Stapf). [ Avenastrum. 
XXXII. AVENASTRUM, Jess. 
the uppermost floret or ending w ith a aie valve. Florets 
scarious, more or less unequal, acute or acuminate, more or less dis- 
tinctly keeled, lower 1- or 3-nerved, upper 3- (very rarely 5- to sub-7-) 
nerved. Valves usually distinctly exserted from the glumes, more or 
less herbaceous with scarious or hyaline tips, often rather firm, acute 
or acuminate, bifid, with or without bristles from the lobes, 5-9- 
nerved, awned; awn dorsal from the middle or slightly above it, 
kneed and twisted below; callus short or elongate, villous. Pales 
shorter than the valves, 2-keeled, 2-toothed or bifid. Lodicules 2, 
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1 the aes of sae grain ; embryo aan 
Perennial, onde ads linear, usually narrow, flat or convolute; ofte 
eased ligules hyaline ; panicle narrow, erect, often stiff, rarely flaccid at 
expanded. 
Species about 45, chiefly in the temperate regions of the oe hemisphere 
and through the high mountains of tropical Africa to South Afr 
After having worked through the whole material of Avena (a the se of 
Bentham & Hooker’s Genera eas and T'r a in the K  Hovbarisim, 
T have come to the conclusion that not only Trisetwm has a claice to generic 
rank, but also that the section Avenas lt Koch, which, together with - 
section Crithe, makes up the genus Avena of most botanists, should be consider 
as a distinct anh so that Avena is confined to the section Crithe, comprising 
the common 
Sykes nye lin. long ; rhachilla joints 14-2 lin. long, 
oe hasta’ flowered, much longer than the 
tea 6-9 in. long, loosely contracted ; 
eid 
flaccid ; leaves long, flac (1) longum. 
iene 2-3 in. long, secu: seetinid} was leaves 
stly — Spwke subrigid (2) dregeanum. 
Spike iota. 2- or wered, as 
‘lightly longer ‘than ib glumes ; Nini se 
pent: flexuous (3) quinquesetum. 
Spikelets 3h 6in say lect joints 3-1 lin. long: 
Spik “a lets rather compact, slightly turgid ; valves 
im 
(4) turgidulum. 
Spikelets more loos oosely flowered ; valves not 
sea (espept wher quite young), spread- 
in 
Pastels very narrow, bap oe s adpressed ; 
valves subcartilaginous below the awn, 
shabec nba or granula ne 
