572 GRAMINE&® (Stapf). [ Stipa. 
2-keeled or 2-nerved, almost as long as the valve or much shorter. 
Lodicules usually 3, the posterior smaller or suppressed. Stamens 3, 
rarely fewer. Ovary glabrous; styles distinct, short; stigmas 
plumose. (rain slender, cylindric or oblong-cylindric, "terete or 
subterete, sometimes grooved, tightly embraced by the hardened 
valve and the pale ; hilum linear, almost as long as the grain ; embryo 
rather small. 
Perennial, rarely annual; leaves a convolute, rarely flat; ligules mem- 
branous ; panicle from spike-li -like to effus 
Numerous species, principally in dis as and warm regions of both hemi- 
spheres. 
re Psy fine; panicle spike-like; awns long, inter- 
(1) tortilis, 
Perennial; blades — broad and flat 5 pa avicle cou- 
acted or open, large; awns a slightly twisted 
- he os +e 02 ly ... (2) dregeana, 
1. §. tortilis ae Fi, Atlant, 1.99, t. 31, fig. 1); annual, ie: 
culms erect or geniculate, very slender, from a few inches oy 
long, with a few intravaginal branches from the lower inte 
1-3-noded, glabrous or reversed ly hairy, internodes enclosed or 
the uppermost exserted ; sheaths rather loose, glabrous, smooth, the 
uppermost often tumid and embracing the ‘pase of the pa anicle ; 
ligules ciliolate, up to 1 lin, long ; blades linear, tapering to a fine 
point, 2 7 in. by 1 lin., , convolute | or neh glabrou Rage more or 
l-nerved (ith 2 fine short side-nerves at the base), the lower 
slightly shorter; valve cylindric, tightly convolute, callous tipped, 
2 lin. long, pubescent, 5-7-nerved; callus 1 lin. long, minutely 
bearded; awn disarticulating, 21—3 in. long, geniculate at “the middle, 
strongly twisted below, hispidulous pale broadly oblong, obtuse, 
& lin. or more; lodicules 2 2, oblong- lanceolate, up to 8 lin. long; 
anthers 12 1-1k lin. long, scantily ciliolate ; grain subcylindric, 1} lin. 
long. Kunth, Enum. i. 180; Trin. § Rupr. Stip. 64 ; Steud. Sym. Fe 
Glum, i. 130; Boiss. Fl. Or. v.500 ; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. 
v. 812. S. humilis, neg Fl. Lusit. i. 86, non Cav. S. seminula, 
Vahl ex Hornem. Hort. Hafn.i. 76. 8. paleacea, Sibth. & Sm. Fl. 
Gree. t. 86, non Vahl. 8. capensis, Thunb. Prodr. 19, and Fl. Cap. 
ed. Schult. 106; Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. i. 170; Trin. & Rupr. lc. 
63; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 
ri TH AFRICA: without precise locality, Thunberg ! 
Region: Monsg' ts Div.; banks of ‘the Oliphants River, net 
eeauses Drége! George Div. ; Gaurit tz River, E eklon. 
Common aaoagihaul ‘tse Mediterranean region. 
2. S. dregeana (Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 132); perennial, glabrous 5 
culms fuscicled from a short pramorse rhizome, erect, 2-4 ft. high 
