171] ENGELMANN—REVISION OF THE GENUS PINUS, ETC. II 
the Californian P. muricata and in the Mediterranean P. Pyre- 
maica. ‘This character has to be studied intelligently among the 
native trees in their homes. So long as only a few herbarium 
specimens can be consulted it must remain doubtful, and errors 
may creep in, especially as collectors have heretofore paid so lit- 
tle attention to the necessity of obtaining instructive specimens, 
which, however, are easily procured in any season of the year, 
provided the tree bears at all; for always either flowers or young 
cones, or in spring both together, can be obtained. 
The compound Fruir resulting from these aments, known as 
the cone or strodile, matures at the end of the second, or in 
a single species, P. Finea, of the third season; during the first 
twelve months it does not enlarge much; in most species it re- 
tains its erect position during that period, but in a few it becomes 
reversed soon after flowering and before the leaves are developed 
(P. sylvestris and Eliiottii) ; in the allies of P. Strobus the slender 
peduncle bends downwards in the second summer apparently by 
the weight of the swelling cone; but in the majority of the species 
the cones in that period assume a horizontal or somewhat de- 
clined, rarely a strictly recurved, position. Only in P. Banksiana 
it is as often curved upwards as horizontal. We continue to speak 
of subterminal and of lateral cones in regard to that part of the 
axis which bore the flowers, though the branch elongates in the 
next year, and the maturing cone, strictly speaking, thus always 
becomes lateral. 
The cones are, as the name might indicate, conical, from sub- 
globose to oval or subcylindrical, mostly more or less symmetri- 
cal, often slightly oblique, and in some Californian and Mexican 
species (P. insignis, tuberculata, muricata, patula) 30 much so, that 
the scales on the inner and the outer side become very unequal ; 
in the first named spedies especially we find the scales on the 
outer, convex, side much larger and tumid; on the inner, more 
flat, side smaller and depressed, but singularly enough more fer- 
tile than the big outer ones. The color of the cones is from gray 
to light leather-brown, reddish, or deep brown, with a dull ora 
glossy or almost varnished surface. They vary in length from 13 
or 2 to 12 or even, in 2. Laméertiana, to 18 inches. 
The phyllotactic arrangement of the scales is quite interesting, 
