128 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [February 



vations made the previous June. Also in ]March, however, he finds 

 plants 3 to 9"^ below the surface which have reached a length of 1.25 



makes 



surface the first 



but remain out of reach of waves, pushing up rapidly in the second 

 season only to die when winter overtakes them." He does not tell us 

 what period of time is included in what he calls the first season, but 

 he does call the second season also the second year. It is proper to 



seems 



spring and summer probably, the gro^1;h is slow and only plants up 

 to 2.5"^ or thereabouts are produced, while in the second year the 

 rest of the growth of 18 to 20"* is produced. Growth during the 

 winter season also must be, according to -his idea, ver}^ slow or stopped 

 altogether. This assumption seems necessary in order to arrive at the 

 conclusion that the gro-^lh of 1.25 to 2.5"^ had been accomplished 

 in the previous year instead of a few nrevious months. Yet it does 



kno^Ti 



germination 



have not been obser\'ed. That the plants of colder waters, especially 

 Phaeophyceae, can carry through their entire life-processes at a tem- 

 perature which never rises above the freezing-point has been demon- 

 strated by KjELLMAN (Algae of the Arctic Sea, p. 31. 1883), since he 



manne 



be found, it [the temperature] does not rise in general above 0° C. 

 at any time of the year." From what we know of the temperature 

 of the surface waters of the region of Puget Sound, it seems safe to 

 infer that the temperature of the waters within a few fathoms of the 



.ce cannot be lower than somt 

 :inie of the year. Furthermore 



.0 



C. at 



ture of the water by the temperature of the air, and especially of the 

 water 3 to 9^ below the surface. Consequentlv. even if the surface 



lund were frozen fcf. Frye 



true 



near the freezing-point. Farther, KjELLM.\>f adds (/. c. 31 ff.) that 

 the temperature of tiie air affects only the algae of the littoral zone, 

 for it is only those algae which are exposed to the air. Finally, it 

 seenB to me, after considering^ all the fart^ nnnn whiVh Ftjvt/s con- 



