^9o8j BRIEFER ARTICLES , I97 



Jadin ; 



cupula. 



Julian 



Rhoideae 



be 



2. The Juglandaceae and also the Anacardiaceae are descendants of 

 such Rhoideae as Juliania and Pistacia, but are still more reduced In the 

 structure of flower and fruit. 



3* The BrunelUaceae, Burseraceae, Irvingiaceae, Sabiaceae, Anacardi- 

 aceae, Exgler's Julianiales, Juglandales, and some genera of his Simaru- 

 baceae (Picrodendrum, Picramnia, Alvaradoa) must constitute together 

 the old order Terebinthaceae. 



4- Also, the Leitneraceae, Aceraceae, Amentaceae (i. Quercineae, 2. 

 Myriceae, 3. Coryleae, 4. Casuarlneae, 5. Betuleae), and Unicales, thus 

 comprising most of the chalazogams, are reduced descendants of Pistacia- 

 like Terebinthaceae, and not descendants of Hamamelidaceae or Columnif- 

 erae (including Euphorbiaceae), the latter of which must 

 reduced descendants of Buettnerinae, 



5- From the preceding orders the Balanopsidaceae (Balanops and 



I niocularia) differ much in anatomical structure; they are Hamamelidaceae 



and are related to Trochodendrum, Tetracentrum, Daphniphyllum, and 

 Rhodoleia. 



6. The Salicaceae must be regarded as reduced descendants of Fla- 

 courtiaceae, and related to Homalieae and Idesieae; the Lacistemaceae 

 as a tribe of Flacourtiaceae next to Homalieae; and the Pipefales (including 

 Lactoris and Myrothamnus) as reduced descendants of ^lagnoliaceae. 



7' The derivation of the Hamamelidales (Platanaceae and Hamame- 

 lidaceae), as congeners of the Saxifragaceae, from ^Slagnoliaceae must also 

 be maintained. 



8. The chalazogamy of Ulmus, Juglans, and many of the Amentaceae 

 suggests the presence of chalazogamy, and other embryological resemblances 

 to Casuarina, in Myrica, Leitnera, Acer, Juliania, Pistacia, Rhus, and other 

 Terebinthaceae. 



9' As descendants of Terebinthaceae, and in accord with Wielaxd's 

 discoveries among Bennettitaceae, in, spite of Wettstein's opinion to the 

 contrary, the Amentaceae (including Casuarina) and the Unicales are 



becoming completely out of the question as connecting links between g} m- 

 nosperms and angiosperms, and cannot interfere longer with ray opinion 

 that the Magnoliaceae are descendants of Cycas-like or Bennettites-like 

 g}'mnosperm3. 



10. Also the Gnetaceae, which in some respects resemble dicotyledons, 

 and the Conifers, extremely adapted to xerophilous conditions, on account 



