420 



BOTANICAL GAZETTE [june 



fundus 



cankers on the twigs. Twig cankers due to the black ro1 



also reported as being frequent. Apple scurf, a twig disease, is described as due 



to Phyllosticta or Phoma prunicola,—E. Mead Wilcox. 



The roots of Lycopodium Selago.— Miss Saxelby^ has studied the ori^n 

 of the roots of Lycopodium Selago, working with young plants grown from bulbils. 

 She reports that the roots arise near the apex of the stem, but below the first 

 leaves, and grow down through the cortex of the stem, emerging at the level of 

 the ground. It is probable that ''origin below the first leaves" is too sweeping 

 a statement, for in preparations made by the reviewer from the same species the 

 roots usually arise higher up than the first leaf. Miss Saxelby finds that the 

 dermatogen of the root arises from several cells of the innermost layer of the stem 

 periblem; while the periblem and plerome arise from the plerome of the stem. 

 It is interesting to note that the author finds three meristematic regions: plerome, 

 periblem, and a dermatogen which forms both epidermis and root cap. The 

 roots are usually diarch, with the metaxylem in the form of a horseshoe; but 

 they may be tetrarch, with the metax}'lem in two parallel bands; or there may be 

 a transition between the two conditions.— Alma G. Stokey. 



Germination of Fucus.— Kniep finds ninety pages barely sufficient to relate 



and discuss the observations of three and a half months, at Bergen, on the physi- 



ologj^ of fertilization and germination in Fucus serratus, F, vestculosuSy and r- 



spiralis,^ After a serious attempt it appears impracticable for the reviewer to 



discover in this voluminous paper the author's results and conclusions, for he does 



not make clear the outcome of his work, nor anywhere give so much as a hue by 



way of summar>^ regarding a single topic. His observations w^ere directed par- 



. ticularly to the Influence of external factors on the gametes and sporelings. The 



main topics are the effect of concentration of the total salts in sea water upon^the 



movement of sperms, fertilization, germination, and geographical distribution; 



the influence of temperature (brief); the directive and formative eflfects of hght; 



certain phases of regeneration in sporelings; and finally the possible induction oi 



polarity by chemical stimuli.— C. R. B. 



Califomian Hepaticae.— Humphrey pubUshes together a series of notes on 

 the physiologj' and morphology of certain Califomian Hepaticae.7 He re- 

 ports that Fossombronia longiseta, Fimbriaria californica, Aneura mulHpdaj 

 Anthoceros Pearsoni, and Porella Bolanderi are infested commonly with fungi, 

 parasitic in the first case, symbiotic in the second, and epiphytic in the last three. 



spores 



Annals of 



5 Saxelby, E. Mary, The origin of the roots in Lycopodium Selago. 

 Botany 22:21-33. pL j. 1908. 



6 Kniep, H., Beitrage zur Keimungs-Physiologie und -Biologie von Fucus. 

 Jahrb. Wiss. Bot. 44*635-724. figs^ 12. 1907. 



7 HuiiPHREY, H. B., Studies in the physiology and morphology of some CaU- 

 fornia Hepaticae. Proc, Wash. Acad. Sci. 10:1-50. ph. /, 2, 1908. 



