1909] 



OLSSON-SEFFER— VEGETATION ON SEA SHORES 



121 



or a few perennials. These plants also are more or less dwarfed, 

 because of the wind and the cold substratum. The tension line 

 between this and the following formation is very marked. Some- 











«t 









Fig. 8.— Ammophila dunes at San Francisco, Cal. Embryonic Salix dune to the 

 left. In winter. 



(Photograph by author.) 



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v*. 



1 



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1 



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Fig. 



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9. 



brassy littoral dune, north of Fremantle, Western Australia. (Photo 



