3io BOTANICAL GAZETTE [april 



brown coloring matter and starch is present in considerable 



quantity. 



2. Subepidermal layer. — As previously stated, this layer is divided 

 into two distinct tissues: the outer (sub 1 ) consists of cell layers increas- 

 ing in size from the small outer cells inward, with numerous pits in the 

 thickened walls; below this tissue is a second (sub 2 ), many cell- 

 thick, consisting of very thick-walled cells with small branching 

 cavities and small intercellular spaces at the angles. The walls of 



both tissues are brown. 



3. The sclerenchyma (scl), consisting of large, longitudinally 

 elongated cells of the general type, forms a third sclerenchyma tissue 

 which is impregnated with a brown substance. 



4. Parenchyma (p).— Medium-sized thin- walled cells, the outer 

 layer somewhat stellate, make up this layer. Chlorophyll is present 

 in the inner layers in considerable quantity. 



The raphe (R) branches out over the sides of the seed, the small 

 bundles being found throughout the inner parenchyma. 



5. An inner epidermis of thin-walled parenchyma cells complete- 

 the spermoderm. 



The cells of the perisperm (fig. 53, N), endosperm (fig. 53> Eu 

 and embryo (fig. 53, C) are not characteristic in this specks. 



Yale University 



