390 



University of California Publications in Zoology [ VoL - 2 2 



flask, 10 c.c. of 72 per cent sulfuric acid added, and the whole allowed 

 to stand overnight. The mixture was then diluted with 150 c.c. of 

 water, heated to boiling and filtered on a Gooch crucible provided with 

 a filtering disk of mercerized cotton cloth. The residue was washed 

 thoroughly with hot water, dried in a glass stoppered weighing bottle 

 for seventeen hours at 100° G. and weighed as lignin. 



In order to learn whether the material obtained from the borings 

 was actually lignin, it was submitted to alternate treatments with 

 chlorine and 3 per cent sodium sulfite solution. The characteristic color 

 reactions of lignin with chlorine and sulfite solution were given. The 

 treatments were repeated until the sulfite solution was nearly colorless. 

 Practically no residue then remained, indicating that the analytical 

 product probably consisted entirely of lignin. 



11. Furfural yield on distillation with hydrochloric acid. — One 

 gram of the original material was treated by the method for pentosans 

 described by the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (1912). 



Results 



In tables 1 and 2 below are given the results of the analyses of 

 wood and borings by these methods. 



TABLE 1 



Analyses of Wood and Boeings. Series I 



As found. All figures in percentages of air-dried material 



Determination 



Averagi 



Average 



Borings 

 Sample 2 



Moisture 



Ash 



Calcium in ash 



Nitrogen 



Protein (NX 6.25) 

 Benzene extract .... 



Alcohol extract 



4.89 

 8.42 

 0.62 

 0.08 



Sugars in alcohol 

 extract 



Hemicelluloses 

 (as dextrose) 



Cellulose 



Lignin 



Furfural yield 



0.37 

 0.37 



7.96 



S.00 



0.33 



0.44 



(4.20)f 



5.04 

 47.08 

 26.47 



4.75 



4.91 



8.02 

 0.68 

 0.08 



0.38 I 

 0.351 

 7.901 

 7.131 

 0.32] 

 0.321 

 5.32 1 

 5.24 J 

 47.52 

 26.41 

 4.53 



4.90 

 8.22 

 0.65 

 0.08 

 0.50 



0.37 



7.75 

 0.35 



5.20 

 47.30 

 26.44 



4.64 



7.36 



24.17 



0.66 



0.38 



0.36 



34 



27.09 



27.03 



09 



4 24 

 14.79 

 36 11 



3.91 



0.25 



25.60 



0.15 



4.32 

 13.04 



7.36 



24.17 



0.66 



0.38 



2.27 



0.32 



0.12 



4.28 

 13.91 

 36.11 



3.91 



* Contains much NaCl. 



t Excluded from average. 



