MOVEMENTS OF HERRING AND OTHER MARINE FISHES. 32 1 



After I minute and 30 seconds there was a general loss of correla- 

 tion of movements. At the end of four minutes all the herring 

 were dead. Thus we note that the combination of hydrogen 

 sulfide and carbon dioxide is exceedingly deadly. In alkaline 

 partly aerated fresh water herring showed loss of equilibrium in 

 from 10 to 14 minutes. They nearly succumbed and then 

 recovered a few times, the first one dying after 30 minutes and 

 all being dead in 44 minutes. 



2. Soles (Lepidopsetta hilineata Ayres). 



In the hydrogen sulfide (7.6 c.c. per 1.) the soles showed some 

 signs of loss of equilibrium at the end of one minute. In 5 

 minutes they were on their backs. After 13 minutes they had 

 revived again. They were nearly dead after 16 minutes and all 

 dead at the end of 24 minutes. 



In the carbon dioxide (20 c.c. per 1.), after 45 minutes one sole 

 gasped, which was the first sign of any disturbance and one turned 

 on its back after 54 minutes. For three hours this was repeated 

 at intervals and each gasping time was followed by recovery. 



In the combined carbon dioxide (30 c.c. per 1.) and hydrogen 

 sulfide (2.9 c.c. per 1.) the soles lost equilibrium after 2 minutes 

 and 30 seconds. In 11 minutes they were barely alive and in 

 13 minutes were dead. In fresh water the soles showed stimula- 

 tion at the end of 3 minutes. They died in from 48 minutes to 

 one hour. 



3. Cottid {Oligocottus maculosus Girard). 



One fish of this species was added from curiosity but the results 

 were sufficiently surprising to record. In the hydrogen sulfide 

 the cottid seemed unaffected until the end of 6 minutes, after 

 the herring were all dead. It breathed heavily after 16 minutes. 

 The fish was alive at the end of three hours when it was returned 

 to running salt water, and allowed to recover, after which it was 

 used in the carbon dioxide experiment, with similar results. In 

 the combined carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide it was not 

 visibly affected and in fresh water there was no evidence of any 

 disturbance. These fishes were seined from the sandy bottom 

 among the Ulva, coming in with numbers of the small soles. 



