STUDIES ON TISSUES OF FASTING ANIMALS. 399 



a mass of fat. The cells seemed rather distended. The nuclei, 

 pushed out to the periphery and usually into a recess of a corner, 

 were flattened against the wall. Their staining capacity as well 

 as that of the protoplasm was very feeble. The fatty degenera- 

 tion was not equally intense in every portion of the liver, and 

 here and there groups of intact liver cells could be seen whose 

 poor staining power was the only evidence of degeneration. 



No particular changes have been observed in nuclei. Cells 

 with more than one nucleus are not uncommon, but these are 

 found also in the normal liver. Phenomena of chromatolysis 

 and vacuolization of the nuclei described by Statkewitch were 

 never observed by us. 



The histological structure of the stomach and intestine shows 

 no striking changes. In sections of the stomach the oxyntic or 

 parietal cells of the fundus glands are most conspicuous owing 

 to their relatively large size and deep staining capacity. Their 

 protoplasm is very granular. The other cells of the gland are 

 small and their protoplasm is thin and practically colorless. The 

 nuclei are usually normal, but in some portions, especially near 

 the proximal end of the gland, they are much elongated and 

 pressed against the cell wall adjoining the basal membrane.. 

 The two figures in the plate, 2 and 3, one a cross section of the' 

 upper region of the gland, the other a longitudinal sectiom 

 through the base of the gland, show these points. The clear, 

 transparent character of the protoplasm is very well seen in 

 the former, Fig. 2. The nuclei are always near the basal mem- 

 brane. 



The points brought out in the study of the fundus glands are 

 also essential for all other glands as well as the mucous membrane 

 of the intestine. The cells stain very feebly, their protoplasm 

 being free of any granules. The nuclei migrate toward the basal 

 membrane. 



The phenomenon of particular interest, especially when viewed 

 in the light of certain results of bacteriological studies on the 

 permeability of the intestinal canal, is the invasion of the tissue 

 underlying the mucous membrane as well as of the cells of the 

 mucous membrane itself by numerous leucocytes. These occur 

 not only singly but in groups of several cells together and occa- 

 sionally accumulate in masses resembling solitary glands. 



