86 THE VERMILION IRON-BEARING DISTRICT. 



some deep source. This view of the origin of granitic rocks I have heretofore 

 maintained, and this remarkable observation is a gratifying confirmation of the 

 correctness of the opinion [p. 219]. 



The lower limit of the conglomerate is verj abrupt, and the conglom- 

 erate is figured as overlying the syenite. Nevertheless it is concluded 

 that — 



The epoch of the paste [in which the pebbles lie] and that of the deposition were 

 the same. The conglomerate and the syenite were put in place simultaneously. The 

 syenite was not "erupted" after the conglomerate existed. The conglomerate was 

 not laid down on the solidified sj^enite [p. 221]. 



On the north side of Gunflint Lake he finds argillites standing nearly 

 vertical. 



They are not at all ambiguous. They are the Knife Lake slates preserving to 

 this point their steadj^ verticalitj', and here remaining uncovered by Animike. 

 This looks like a solution of a vexed problem. The Animike and the Vermilion 



slates are not one . . . The dip [of these slates] is S. 89°. The strike of the sheet is 

 N. Y2° E. [p. 263]. 



The Animikie slates are found resting unconformably upon vertical 

 schists, gneisses, and syenites at several points on Gunflint Lake [p. 323]. 

 On the west side of West Sea Gull Lake the conglomerate and syenite are 

 reported as interbedded. This conglomerate is thought to be comparable 

 with that of Wonder Island (p. 293). On the north side of Sea Gull Lake 

 the syenite contains sharply limited rounded pebbles and irregular masses 

 of hornblendic and diabasic material (p. 298). On Epsilon Lake the argil- 

 lite has schistic planes standing vertical, while the bedded structure has a 

 dip of only 23° toward S. 40° W. (p. 322). 



From the summary of facts concerning- the region we learn: 



Within the region here considered the geographical distribution of the several 

 terranes is east-northeast in the Vermilion district and nearlj'' east in the district 

 eastward from Knife Lake. Throughout the entire region the clastic rocks — not 

 excluding the so-called granites and syenites, present a bedded structure — sometimes 

 indeed obscure, but everywhere discernible over all considerable exposures. Among 

 the granites and gneisses the bedding maj^ possibly be regarded as the result of 

 foliation alone; but I have been led to think that its direction was predetermined bj^ 

 planes of sedimentation. . . . For similar reasons, 1 regard the bedding of the 

 crystalline schists as primitively sedimentary. The two older systems of rocks have 

 their planes of bedding nearl^^ vertical — inclining only a few degrees in one direction 



