98 THE VEKMILION IRON-BEAEING DISTRICT. 



by a great unconformitj^ is sliown by numerous contacts. At these contacts 

 the lower quartzite of the Upper series contains abundant fragments of the 

 Lower series which had reached their present condition before being 

 deposited in the former. That the Lower series has been greatly folded and 

 deeply truncated before the Upper series was deposited is further shown 

 by the much banded and contorted jasper abutting at all angles against the 

 beds of the uptilted but simply folded Upper series, and also by its more 

 crystalline character. 



Since great belts of conglomerates containing abundant fragments of 

 ore and jasper are found in the Upper Vermilion, at Ogishki Lake, and in 

 the Upper Kaministiquia series, it is argued that the source of this material 

 is the great belts of iron ore and jasper contained in the Lower Vermilion, 

 Hunters Island, and Lower Kaministiquia series. That the Vermilion Lake 

 conglomerate is unconformably above the schists in vertical attitude, 

 bearing ore and jasper, is further indicated by the fact, discovered by 

 Merriam, that on the islands of Vermilion Lake the conglomerate is found 

 to be in a series of gentle folds although having a vertical cleavage 

 developed. Merriam regards the conglomerate as a comparatively thin 

 formation overlying and overlapping the Lower series. Both the Animikie 

 and Upper Vermilion are unquestionably separated from the Lower Ver- 

 milion by an unconformity. The Animikie is believed to be the equivalent 

 of the Upper Vermilion. 



It is concluded that the confusion in correlation of the formations about 

 Lake Superior is due to the failure to recognize this genera! unconformity. 

 Once recognized, the sti'uctural conclusions to which the various writers 

 have most steadfastly held are found to be in general harmony. Above 

 the physical break, and constituting the Upper Huronian (equivalent to the 

 Original Huronian) are the Animikie and the Upper Kaministiquia, Upper 

 Vern:iilion, Upper Marquette, Western Menominee, Penokee-Gogebic proper, 

 the Dakota, Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin quartzites surrounded by the 

 fossiliferous series. In the Lower Huronian is the Kewatin (in part at 

 least), the Lower Kaministiquia, Lower Vermilion, Lower Marquette, Felch 

 Mountain iron-bearing series, Menominee proper, and the Cherty limestone 

 at the base of the Penokee series, and the Black River Falls iron-bearing 

 schists. 



