220 NEW-YORK FAUNA — MOLLUSCA. 
posterior extremity slightly emarginate : cavity of the cartilage profound. Teeth large, prominent, 
grooved. Muscular impressions very large; inner margin regularly crenulated. Length, 5-0 - 
6:0. Allied to preparca, and larger than mercenaria. Coast of North and South-Carolina. 
V. fluctuosa, (Govuxp, Inv. Mass. p. 87, fig: 50.) Shell moderately small, transversely ovate, lenti- 
cular, rather thin. Surface with 20 - 25 recurved concentric waves, vanishing at the side; areola 
none. Middle tooth in each valve cleft. Color: epidermis thin, glossy, yellowish ; beneath this, 
white. Length, 0:8; height, 0-6; breadth, 0°22. 
GENUS ASTARTE. Sowerby. 
Animal unknown, but presumed to resemble that of Venus. Shell rounded, subequilateral, 
compressed, thick. Hinge with two strong diverging cardinal teeth on one valve, and two 
very unequal ones on the other, or only one large one.; palleal impression simple ; ligament 
exterior. 
ASTARTE CASTANEA. 
PLATE XXVIII. FIG. 280. 
(STATE COLLECTION.) 
Venus castanea. Sav, Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. V. 4, p. 273. 
Astarte id. Ip. American Conchology, pl. 1. Torren, Am, Jour. Vol. 28, p. 348, fig. 2. 
Crassina id. Conrap, Mar. Conch. p. 72, pl. 17, fig. 3. RusseL, Essex Jour. Vol. p. 57. 
Astarte id. Goutp, Invertebrata of Mass. p. 76, fig. 45. 
Description. Shell thick and heavy, suborbicular or subtrigonal, with prominent and nearly 
central beaks, much more elongated than in the following species. Surface with minute 
concentric wrinkles and larger waves, with faint traces of radiating lines. Area in front of 
the beaks very deeply excavated, short, broad and smooth: posterior slope almost straight, 
with a long narrow lanceolate depression. Hinge solid; the margin very broad, with one 
stout tooth with a pit on each side in one valve, and two somewhat diverging teeth in the 
other, with a cavity between them to receive the opposite tooth. Palleal impression without 
a sinus: basal margin crenulated within. 
Color. Epidermis chesnut-brown, occasionally deep mahogany with darker and paler zones ; 
posterior margin blackish : foot of the animal vermilion. 
Vertical axis, 1°0 — 1°2; transverse ditto, 1-0 -1°2. Diameter, 0°5. 
Var. a. picea. With a few wrinkles without waves, large and solid; epidermis dark tar- 
colored (Gourp). 
Var. 8. procera. Lighter colored; vertical axis longest (‘Torren). 
This species occurs along the coast of Long island, on the outer bars generally, although 
it has been dredged within the harbors. 
