THE BUTTERFLIES OF TEE NORTH CANARA DISTRICT. 243 



12. Lethe europa, Fahncim. 

 ~ Not often found at Karwar itself, but commoner in places at 

 the foot of the ghauts. It is a forest butterfly. A single larva, 

 reared on bamboo, was described in our former paper, p. 350, 

 jtt. 41, but the butterfly that came from it never expanded' its 

 wings properly, and we think now that there is reason to doubt the 

 correctness of our identification. It may have been the next species. 



After writing the above, we discovered a larva feeding on bamboo 

 which differed in no wise from that of L. todara^ Moorej but in the 

 head point being a little shorter and quite separate ; this larva, which 

 unfortunately was ichneumoned, died ; but we are convinced it was 

 fchat of L. europa, 



13. L. fodara, Moore. 



This is fairly common wherever there are bamboos, a^nd may 

 be met with at all seasons. It is abundant above the ghauts in the 

 hot weather. The larva, which feeds on bam.boo, is somewhat 

 fusiform or spindle-shaped, the surface rough owing to minute and 

 close-set tubercles ; head produced occipitally into a long horn 

 composed of two united processes ; the anal segment bearing a similar 

 composite process ; colour green, with a dorsal and subdorsal white 

 line, and a lateral one also which is marked with crimson at the seventh 

 and eighth segments ; head green, with a yellow lateral line ; horn 

 pointed red. Pupa stout, slightly constricted between the thorax and 

 the abdomen very like that of Melanitis^ but rather more angular ; 

 green, with wing-cases marked in yellow or gold ; suspended rigidly 

 at an angle of 45°. It should be noted that both larva and pupa may 

 be light rosy-brown instead of green, perhaps to match dry grass, 

 for the larva affects concealment, lying close on the underside of a 

 blade, like most of the subfamily. 



14. L. neelgherriensisj Guerin, 



This species, so abundant at Mahableshwar, scarcely comes so far 

 south as Canara. A few have been seen in the north end of the district 

 above the ghauts. 



15. YptMma phihmela^ Johanssen. Plate I, Figs. 3, da. 



Moore separates this as Y. haldus, Fabricius, It is very plentiful 

 everywhere, especially from August or September. Few are seen in the 

 early part of the rains. It flies low and alights on the ground. The larva 



