THE BUTTERFLIES OP THE l^ORTH CaI^ARA DISTRICT. 571 



145. T. silhetana, Wallace. 

 In describing the larva of T. hecahe, Linnseus, in our former paper, 

 We said tliat we had once got fourteen black pupse ail on one dry twig 

 and so close to each other that they almost touched. We did not dis- 

 tinguish the butterflies which emerged from, T. hecabe ; indeed, until 

 the publication of Captain E, Y. Watson's very valuable paper on the 

 synonyniy of some species of Indian Pierinm in Vol. VIII of this 

 Journal, p. 489 (1894), we made no attempt to sort our specimens 

 under the multitude of names with which Messrs. Butler, Moore, and 

 Swinhole hav6 enriched the genus. We have since discovered, how- 

 ever, that these black pupge are not to be found on the ordinary food- 

 plants of T. hecahe, but on Wagatea spicata, and that they result from 

 a gregarious larva with a black head. This leaves no doubt that they 

 belong to a distinct species, and, having compared the butterflies which 

 ■emerged from a large number of both kinds, we find that those pro- 

 duced from the black-headed larva and black |)upa bear the three 

 dark streaks or spots in the cell in addition to the reniform spot on the 

 "disco-cellular nervules on the underside of the forewing, by which 

 Captain Watson separates T. silhetana from T. hecabe. We have 

 figured the larva and pupa on Plate VI, figs. 6, larva ; Qa, pupa. The 

 two species appear to be almost equally common in the district. It is 

 perhaps worth mentioning that we have a specimen of T. silhetana 

 caught in October, in which the ground-colour is pure white instead 

 of yellow. The markings are normal. 



146. T, libythea, Fabriciua. 

 In the name we have given to this we follow Captain Watson's 

 paper above mentioned. The butterfly is fairly common in many parts 

 of the district, but does not seem to appear till the monsoon is over* 

 The larva is not distinguishable to our eyes from that of T. hecabe, 

 Linnseus ; the pupa is shorter and has the snout slightly upturned. It 

 feeds on a leguminous plant. The dry-season form is probably T, senna, 

 Felder, into which it gradually grades. 



147. T. IcBta, BoisduvaL 

 This species is not nearly so common in Canara as in other parts 

 of the Presidency, but occurs at the Northern end of the district. We 

 have not bred it. 





