THE BUTTERFLIES OF THE NORTH CANARA DISTRICT. 579 



affected when they are reared on a different leaf from that which is 

 their ordinary food. 



1G7. P. nomius, Esper. 

 This is plentiful enough where it occurs (much more so, however, in 

 some years than others), but is very localj and its appearance is limited 

 to the hot season and the first two months of the rains. More than half 

 the year, from the end of July till at least March, or oftener May, is 

 passed in the pupa state under stones and roots. We have given a full 

 description and figure of the transform.ations in our former paper (Jour- 

 nal Bombay Natural History Society, Vol. V, p. 364:, n. 70, 1890). 

 168. P. antipliates^ Cramer. 

 Our acquaintance with this species is limited. We first met with 

 it at Gairsoppa in the south of the district^ but have since found it at 

 one or two places further north. It begins to appear in March, and 

 there can be little doubt that it is on the wing for a few months only, 

 like P. nomius, Esper, which it resembles in many respects. On the 

 26th of April, 1893, a female was kind enough to lay a single egg 

 in the presence of a member of our firm, and though the little cater- 

 pillar which emerged perished by starvation, the plant (Unona laioii) 

 not being obtainable at his next camp, we succeeded in getting a few 

 more next year and are able to present our readers with an amateur 

 figure, Plate VI, figs. 1, larva ;. la, pupa. The most unusual feature of 

 the larva is that in its early stages it is pure white, marked only 

 with thin transverse lines of black or dark green. At the last moult 

 but one it becomes yellow, wdth thicker lines, and after the last moult 

 attains the colour shown in the figure, showing a distinct resemblance 

 to the larva of P. nomius. The pupa is supported by an uncommonly 

 long band, and from its green colour would seem to be normally 

 formed on the plant and not under stones. 



The Eeithonius Group. 

 These are distinctly separable by the form of the larva and pupa 

 from the last group, though much nearer to it in these respects and also 

 in habits than to the " protected " Ornithopiera group. They all feed 

 on plants of the orange order (formerly Aurantiacece, now Rutacece^ 

 including the Rue, which the butterfiies included from the beginning), 

 but each species affects certain phmts and refuses others which are 

 eaten by othei* members of the same group. 

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