90 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I46 



also in Kweichow and Hunan) ; and southeast (rarely) to northern 

 Thailand (Deignan, 1945, p. 158). 



In the nonbreeding season it wanders to Chota Nagpur, Madras, 

 Mysore, and Karala in India, to Ceylon, to Thailand (where it is a 

 transient in spring and autumn, never found in winter) , to the entire 

 length of the Malay Peninsula (except the eastern side), the Indo- 

 Chinese countries, Lingga Archipelago, Sumatra, Java, Celebes, and 

 Borneo, and occasionally to the Philippines. In Burma, Smythies 

 (1953, pp. 326-327) considered it a local migrant, but its movements 

 there have not yet been worked out in detail or with any accuracy. 

 Similarly, the seasonal movements of this cuckoo in southeastern 

 China are yet to be defined with precision. Thus the Caldwells (1931, 

 p. 240) considered it only as a migrant in southern Kwangtung, but in 

 the northern portions of that Province they found it a not uncommon 

 resident. 



Clamator glandarius 



Both the northern and the southern extreme populations of this 

 species are highly and regularly migratory ; the individuals breeding in 

 equatorial portions of Africa are assumed (but not proved) to be non- 

 migratory. In South Africa and South- West Africa, north to South- 

 ern Rhodesia, Nyasaland, and southern Mozambique, the species is 

 present only from September to March. In its Mediterranean breed- 

 ing ground, where the seasons are reversed, the great-spotted cuckoo 

 arrives at about the time the southern birds go north. Thus, Strese- 

 mann (1928, p. 703) noted that this cuckoo arrives from its tropical 

 African winter quarters as early as the beginning of February in 

 upper Egypt and Morocco, in early April in Gibraltar, and that it 

 leaves again for the south in July and early August, and, in Egypt, 

 even as early as June. He pointed out that there was an obvious 

 correlation between its migration dates and its host requirements. It 

 had to establish itself on its breeding grounds before the prospective 

 hosts began to lay. In northwestern Africa, where the hosts are 

 magpies, whose early egg dates are from late March to early April, 

 and in upper Egypt as soon as there are no new nests of its corvine 

 hosts (the crows are all beyond this stage in June), the cuckoo begins 

 to leave for equatorial Africa. This seems to imply a more hurried 

 departure than is characteristic of the birds breeding south of the 

 Zambezi River. Thus, in Southern Rhodesia, Smithers, et al. (1957, 

 p. 67) record it as breeding from October to January, but not leaving 

 for the north until April. Meinertzhagen (1930, pp. 345-347) found 



