92 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I46 



Bahr-el-Ghazal, the cuckoo has been reported breeding as well, 

 and also to the west of Darfur, in Mali, where Malzy (1962, p. 34) 

 reported some migrants and some "sedentaires." 



Madden's notes from southern Darfur included a very marked 

 northward migration through El Fasher in May and June, apparently 

 of birds that had finished breeding somewhere to the south, and also 

 migrants at Ngala in late June, also apparently of southern birds 

 passing through to spend the off-season somewhere to the north of 

 Darfur. 



Farther to the south, in the Kagera Park, in the Republic of the 

 Congo, Curry-Lindahl (1961, p. 270) recorded a migratory influx 

 of these cuckoos January 27 and 28. In Uganda and in Kenya, van 

 Someren and others have put on record observations that add up to a 

 somewhat obscured picture because of the obvious difficulty of dif- 

 ferentiating in the field resident from migrant birds. There is an 

 influx of nonbreeding (wintering) visitors from the north, and it is 

 possible that southern breeding birds also reach those areas in the 

 southern winter. Van Someren (1931, p. 24) found that he could 

 distinguish migrants from resident birds, from post-mortems of 

 collected specimens, the migrants usually being very fat, the local 

 residents not so. Birds seen in Kenya after May were mostly resident, 

 which suggests that relatively few individuals from south of the 

 Zambezi River reach Kenya. Jackson (1938, pp. 493-495) was in- 

 clined to doubt some of van Someren's statements, but he overlooked 

 the fact that the latter had specifically mentioned fledged juvenal 

 birds in May in Kenya, which must have been locally raised. 



A similar situation also appears to occur in Tanganyika, but the 

 total evidence is much scarcer. There is definite evidence of breeding, 

 hence of resident birds, in December at Unyanganyi, and in March at 

 Iringa. In Nyasaland the species occurs from mid-September to mid- 

 March, with the greatest number of birds noted between September 

 and November. 



SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 



The genus Clamator originated in southeastern Africa in Pliocene 

 or pre-Pliocene time, from a primordial stock that appears to have its 

 least changed, current representative in the southern race of C. 

 jacobinus (serratus). From its original locus it expanded its range 

 over most of sub-Saharan Africa and spread to India and southeast 

 Asia, and thence to the Mediterranean basin as well. In its early 

 northward progression in Africa the original jacobinus stock gave 



