2 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 69 



the mosses of Kilimanjaro, therefore (4)/ the relationship between 

 these regions is masked by the creation of new species in the case of 

 several mosses which nearly all bryologists would refer to corre- 

 sponding palsearctic species. Thus, as Brotherus has pointed out, 

 Funaria kilimanscharica C. M. is only one of the forms of F. hygro- 

 metrica Sibth.; Polytrichum pungens C. M. is to be referred to 

 P. commune !..; P. nano-globulus C. M. to P. piliferum Schreb.; 

 Milium kiliman&scharicurn C. M. is M. rostratum Schrad. ; and 

 Grimmia calyculata C. M. is G. ovata Web. & Mohr. The greater 

 number of these species, however, are more or less cosmopolitan, and 

 their occurrence in Central Africa does not imply any special con- 

 nection between the flora of that area and that of the palaearctic 

 region, except in the case of Grimmia ovata, which is, otherwise, 

 almost confined to that region, hut reaches as far south as Ceylon in 

 the Asiatic, ami Guatemala in the American continent. Bryum 

 alpinum lliuls., which also occurs on Kilimanjaro, has a similar 

 range, but somewhat more restricted; it also is found in South 

 Africa { />'. afro-alpinum Rehm. is certainly, and B. ll'ilmsii C. M. 

 in all probability, the same thing). 



Brotherus has also recorded Campylopus polytrichoides De Not. 

 from the volcano region (1), but this is a warm-temperate zone 

 species, its range being west and south Europe, Madeira, the East 

 African Islands, and Brazil. He records also Tetraplodon bryoides 

 Lindb. from Ruwenzori (1) between ,},ou> ami 4,000 meters, and this 

 is of special interest, as its known range was almost confined to the 

 alpine-arctic zone of Europe, Asia, and North America, except for 

 an isolated station in New Guinea ; Pohlia elongate 1 [edw., of nearly 

 the same but slightly less alpine distribution; Pogonatum aloides 

 CHedw.) P. Beauv., with a somewhat similar range to Gr'nnmia 

 ovata, from 2,900 meters on Ruwenzori; Hylocomium proliferum 

 (L.) Lindb., from 3,600 meters on Karisimbi in the volcano region, 

 known from lAirope, Asia, and North America, the Azores and 

 Canaries, Algeria, and Tunis; and its var. alpinum Schlieph., from 

 3,800 meter" mi Ruwenzori, previously known only from the higher 

 Alps of Europe; Oxyrrhyncliium rusciforme (Neck.) Warnst., a 

 native of temperate Europe and Asia^ North America, the Canaries, 

 and Algeria. 



It will Ik- seen that the presence of these species in the alpine zones 

 of the equatorial mountains of Africa scarcely marks a definite con- 

 nection with the palsearctic region, except in the case of Tetraplodon 



See Bibliography at end of present paper. 



