no. 5 



MAMMALS OF PANAMA GOLDMAN 



31 



Polioptila superciliaris superciliaris, Law- 

 rence's Gnatcatcher. 

 Leucolepis lawrencii, Lawrence's Musician 



Wren. 

 Thryophilus castaneus castaneus, Bay Wren. 

 Thryophilus galbraithii galbraithii, Gal- 



braith's Wren. 

 Henicorhino prostheluca pittieri, Pittier's 



Wood Wren. 

 Troglodytes tnusculus inquietus, Panama 



House Wren. 

 Pheugopedius fasciatoventris albigularis, 



Panama Black-bellied Wren. 

 Pheugopedius fasciatoventris melanogaster, 



Black-bellied Wren. 

 Pheugopedius hyperythrus, Tawny-bellied 



Wren. 

 Heleodytes albobrunneus, White-headed 



Cactus Wren. 

 Pachysylvia aurantiifrons aurantiifrons, 



Lawrence's Pachysylvia. 

 Anthus parvus, Panama Pipit. 

 Basileuterus ruHfrons tnesochrysiu, 



Sclater's Warbler. 

 Basileuterus semicervinus veraguensis, Buff- 



rumped Warbler. 

 Compsothlypis pitiayumi speciosa, Chiriqui 



Parula Warbler. 

 Rhodinocichla rosea exitnia, Panama Thrush- 

 Warbler. 

 Dacnis cayana ultramarina, Ultramarine 



Dacnis. 

 Stumella magna inexspectata, Central 



American Meadowlark. 

 Leistes militaris, Cayenne Red-breasted 



Blackbird. 



Icterus mesomelas salvinii, Salvin's Oriole. 



Cacicus tnicrorhynchus, Small-billed Cacique. 



Cacicus vitellinus, Lawrence's Cacique. 



Mitrospingus cassini, Cassin's Tanager. 



Chlorothraupis carmioli, Carmiol's Tanager. 



Chlorothraupis olivaceus, Yellow-browed 

 Tanager. 



Tachyphonus nitidissimus, Veraguan White- 

 shouldered Tanager. 



Tachyphonus delatrii, Tawny-crested Tana- 

 ger. 



Tachyphonus luctuosus panamensis, White- 

 shouldered Tanager. 



Chrysothlypis chrysomelaa chrysomelas, 

 Black and Yellow Tanager. 



Tanagra luteicapilla, Yellow-crowned Eu- 

 phonia. 



Tangara Horida arcmi, Arce's Emerald Tana- 

 ger. 



Tangara inornata, Plain-colored Tanager. 



Saltator atriceps lacertosus, Panama Black- 

 headed Saltator. 



Saltator magnoides intermedius, Panama 

 Buff-throated Saltator. 



Cyanocompsa concreta cyanescens, Panama 

 Blue Grosbeak. 



Arremon aurantiirostris, Orange-billed 

 Sparrow. 



Ammodramus savannarum obscurus, Mina- 

 titlan Sparrow. 



Sporophila minuta tninuta, Minute Seed- 

 eater. 



Arremonops conirostris conirostris, Lafres- 

 naye's Sparrow. 



HUMID LOWER TROPICAL ZONE 



The Humid Lower Tropical Zone occupies the crests of most of the 

 mountain ranges, and nearly all that part of the Atlantic watershed 

 of Panama lying below about 3,000 feet altitude. It is replaced, 

 however, in the Chagres Valley by a strip of the Arid Lower Tropical 

 Zone which extends from the Pacific coast across the continental 

 divide in the vicinity of the Panama Canal, but the transition to 

 humid conditions is rapid to the northward of Empire and the bend 

 of the Chagres River. The area is comparatively uniform in char- 

 acter, usually heavily forested, and includes the most luxuriant 

 vegetation on the Isthmus. Trees of large size cast so dense a shade 

 that the undergrowth may be scanty, but wherever much light is 

 admitted the ground cover is very thick, and tangled masses of vines 

 tend to impede progress through the forest. The highest and most 

 massive forest growth, however, is in general at the lower levels. 

 On the upper, or steeper, slopes of the mountains forest cover of a 

 lower growth is apparently the result of unfavorable soil conditions. 



