no. 5 



MAMMALS OF PANAMA GOLDMAN 



41 



Malache maxoni. 

 Centradcmia inccquilateralis. 

 Miconia caitdata. 

 Monchatum bracteolatum. 

 Lopezia pariculata. 

 Symplocos chiriquensis. 

 Lamourouxia gutierrezii. 

 Begonia chiriquina. 

 Begonia brevicyma. 

 Begonia seemanniana. 

 Begonia setosa. 

 Begonia stigmosa. 

 Dicliptera iopus. 

 Geissomeria lolioides. 

 Justicia glabra. 



Deppea longipes. 

 Hoffmannia pittieri. 

 Nertera depressa. 

 Palicourea chiricana. 

 Psychotria aggregata. 

 Psychotria anomothyrsa. 

 Psychotria chiricana. 

 Psychotria goidmanii. 

 Psychotria panamensis. 

 Rondeletia affinis. 

 Rondeletia laniilora. 

 Rondeletia versicolor. 

 Sommcra mesochora. 

 Senecio arbor escens. 



TEMPERATE ZONE 



The Volcan de Chiriqui was not visited by me and has been very 

 incompletely explored by others. Conditions on the upper slopes 

 are apparently analogous to those known to obtain in similar regions 

 elsewhere in Middle America. There seems to be a diminution in 

 moisture above about 8,000 feet altitude and temperatures below the 

 freezing point are registered near the summit. Mr. Henry Pittier, 1 

 who has visited the Volcan de Chiriqui, describes conditions on the 

 very similar mountains in Costa Rica and points out changes in the 

 forest above an altitude of 2,600 meters. The trees become pro- 

 gressively reduced in size, with short trunks and widely spreading 

 branches, and at about 3,000 meters, although still dense and cover- 

 ing extensive areas on the slopes, no longer deserve the name of 

 forest. The Lauraceae, species of Podocarpus, Talauma and even 

 Quercus have disappeared and are replaced by Ericaceae, Mirtaceae, 

 Miricaceae and other groups. Mr. Outram Bangs, 2 quoting the field 

 notes of Mr. W. W. Brown, Jr., who collected birds and mammals 

 on the mountain, says : 



At 10,000 feet the character of the forest changes decidedly, the trees become 

 low and stunted, their trunks and branches are thickly covered with cold, 

 saturated moss. On some of the branches globular formations of moss give 

 an odd appearance to the tree. The undergrowth is chiefly of berry-bearing 

 shrubs and two species of cane, with ferns and flowering herbs. 



One shrub produces a berry about the size of a cherry, which has a rich 

 flavor, and of which doves and big Merula (M. nigrescens) are very fond. 

 At 11,000 feet the forest ends, and at the timber line the characteristic species 

 are the Junco {J unco vulcani), a big-footed finch (Pezopetes capitalis), the 

 long-tailed ptilogonys and a curious little wren with peculiar notes, that lives 

 in the cane brakes (Troglodytes browni). The country is open, broken, barren 

 and very rocky, but there is a growth of low huckleberry-like shrubs that 

 average 10 inches in height and are literally black with berries. There are also 

 low flowering plants, and some tiny ferns, different from any seen below. 



1 Ensayo Sobre las Plantas Usuales de Costa Rica, 1908. 



2 The Auk, Vol. 3, p. iS, Jan. 30, 1902. 



