XO. 5 .MAMMALS OF PANAMA GOLDMAN 227 



the Society [Zoological Society of London] of a living" example 

 from Colon ; and since that date other specimens have been received 

 from the same port." Alston (1879, p. 17) records specimens from 

 Panama, Colon, and Chepo, and mentions examples from Chiriqui 

 formerly living in the gardens of the Zoological Society of London 

 and believed by Sclater to be of this species. The animal is not 

 represented in recent collections from western Panama and the latter 

 record may be erroneous. 



Anthony (1916, p. 374) in recording specimens from Boca de 

 Cupe, Chepigana, Cituro, Maxon Ranch (Rio Trinidad), Tacarctma 

 and Tapalisa, says : " This small monkey was fairly common 

 throughout the whole region where collecting was done, and speci- 

 mens from the high mountains of the cordillera [vicinity of Mount 

 Tacarcuna] are specifically the same as those of the Zone. In this 

 series the yellowish underparts, which Elliot 1 made a character of 

 his salaqitiensis, a species which he withdrew ' later upon the basis 

 of additional material, occur frequently and show that this character 

 is a variable one with no diagnostic value." 



Specimens examined: Boca de Cupe, 1 a ; Cana. 2 ; Chepigana, 6 3 ; 

 Chepo, 1 ; Cituro, 4 s ; Maxon Ranch (Rio Trinidad), 1 3 ; Tacarcuna, 

 12 s ; Rio Indio (near Gatun), 8; Tapalisa, 4." 



Family ALOUATTIDAE. Howling Monkeys 



The howling monkeys, which alone compose this family, are 

 remarkable mainly for their voices and the structural peculiarities 

 that enable them to produce sounds that often reverberate for miles 

 through the forest. The vertical expansion of the angle of the 

 mandible, to a degree unusual among monkeys, is doubtless asso- 

 ciated with the extraordinary inflation of the laryngeal apparatus 

 which it partially protects. 



Genus ALOUATTA Lacepede. Howling Monkeys 



The members of the genus Alouatta are robust species, with rather 

 long prehensile tails. They are similar in general appearance to 

 those of the genus Atcles, but have shorter limbs and are dis- 

 tinguished by five instead of four fingers on the hands. One species 

 only is known to inhabit the region. 



1 Elliot, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1912, p. 137. 



2 Elliot, Bull. Amer. Mus. Xat. Hist., 1914, p. 644. 



3 Collection Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 



