NO. 5 MAMMALS OF PANAMA GOLDMAN 229 



Howling monkeys occur in small numbers near Gatun in the 

 northern end of the Canal Zone. Several parties were met with on 

 the mountains near the headwaters of the Chagres River. On Cerro 

 Azul a troop of about 12 was found in a group of very tall trees. 

 The troop included several full grown males, females, and young. 

 A very young individual was seen clinging to the lower part of its 

 mother's back as she climbed into the topmost branches along with 

 other females and the younger animals. The older males gave the 

 usual roar when shots were fired, jumping about, looking down, 

 and showing signs of anger rather than fear, as they made no effort 

 to escape. After several of these monkeys were shot the others 

 remained in the vicinity where they were seen on several subsequent 

 occasions, being evidently permanent residents of that part of the 

 forest. The so-called howling of these monkeys was heard soon 

 after daylight nearly every morning not far from camp on the 

 Cascajal River near Cerro Brujo, and at intervals during the day. 

 Near the summit of the Pirre Range sudden showers of rain often 

 brought forth deep-toned notes during the night. The voice of this 

 animal as it reverberates through the forest, is wonderfully im- 

 pressive, but seems better described as a series of deep growls, 

 becoming a prolonged roar when given by several in unison, than as 

 howling. Although the howler can pass rapidly through the tree 

 tops, its movements seem sluggish when compared with those of 

 Ateles or even Cebus. The flesh is eaten by the natives, but is less 

 prized than that of Ateles and Cebus. It is commonly cut in strips 

 and after being smoked over a fire may be kept for several days 

 without salting. All of the specimens obtained carried numerous 

 large larvae of flies, mainly in the skin on the throat, which added 

 materially to their repugnant appearance. These larvae were not 

 found on the spider monkeys taken in the same vicinity. Perhaps 

 the greater activity of the latter may prevent the deposition of eggs. 



Under the name Alouatta palliata, Bangs (1902, p. 51) lists three 

 specimens collected by W. W. Brown, Jr., at 4,000 feet near Boquete. 

 Specimens collected by J. H. Batty are recorded by Thomas (1903a, 

 p. 39) from Sevilla, Almijas, and Insoleta, small islands near the 

 southwestern coast of Panama. Regarding them he says : " Like 

 mainland specimens these howlers are larger than the small insular 

 form of Coiba Island, A. p. coibensis Thos." The same collector 

 obtained a large series of specimens at Boqueron and Boquete for 

 the American Museum of Natural History ; measurements of selected 

 individuals were published by Dr. Allen (1904, p. 79), who in the 



