NO. II 



THE RACES OF RUSSIA HRDLICKA 



15 



by over 1.67$, the highest rate of any more important white popula- 

 tion. The Slavs constitute approximately 75$ of this population — 81$ 

 in European Russia and Poland, 40$ in Caucasus, and 85^ in Siberia. 

 As to the proportion of the separate Slav and other racial" elements, 

 we have the following interesting and trustworthy estimates by 

 Professor Niederle 1 of Prague, the foremost authority on Slav 

 matters in general : 



ETHNOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE POPULATION OF RUSSIA 



Russians (Slavs) 



Poles... 



Lithuanians 



Finns 



Germans 



Jews , 



Caucassians 



Armenians , 



Turko-Tartars.. . 



Mongols , 



Others 



European 

 Russia 



Russian 

 Poland 



Finland 



percent. percent.' percent. 



80.0 

 1.2 

 3-0 



3-6 

 1.4 

 4.0 



0.1 



4-9 

 0.2 

 1.6 



6.7 



7i.8 



3-3 



0.1 



4-3 

 13.5 



0.1 

 0.2 



0.2 



13 



Caucasus 



per cent. 



34-0 

 0.3 

 o. 1 



O. I 



0.6 



0.4 



26.2 



12.0 



20.2 



0.2 



5-9 



Siberia 



per cent. 

 8l.O 



0-5 

 0.2 

 I. I 

 0. I 

 0-5 



8-3 

 6.2 



Central 

 Asia 



per eent. 



8.9 

 0. I 



0.2 

 O.I 

 O. I 



0. I 



85.5 

 0.2 

 4-8 



THE NON-RUSSIAN RACES OF EUROPEAN RUSSIA 



These include the Poles, the Lithuanians, the Tchouds and Finns, 

 the remnants of the Finno-Ugrian tribes of the interior, the Laps and 

 the Samoyeds, the Tartars, the tribes of the Caucasus, and finally the 

 immigrant Jews and Germans. In the first place, however, a few 

 remarks may be appropriate here regarding the Cossacks. 



The Cossacks. — The term Cossack has in the course of time 

 become surrounded, even in Russia itself, with a semi-romantic 

 and heroic halo, which is not wholly undeserved ; but the term itself 

 is seldom properly understood. The Cossacks of the present day 

 may be defined as a special class of irregular, privileged cavalry. 

 The Kazaki (the Russian form of the term) of the fifteenth and 

 sixteenth centuries were in part a class of irregular agricultural 

 help " who possessed neither a definite avocation nor a settled domi- 

 cile," in part frontiersmen and adventurers, along the southern 

 boundaries of the Russian settlements. The word Cossack came to 

 signify, in Kirghiz, a cavalier, in Tartar a freebooter, in Turkish 

 a light-armed soldier; they were all this and more. They were 



1 Lubor Niederle : Slovansky Svet, 8°, Praha, 1910 ; abstr. in Smithson. Rep. 

 for 1910, pp. 599-612, with a map. 



