5) Benthic fish barrier (NUSCo 1980, 1981a), 



6) Surface fish barrier (NUSCo 1981a). 



Most of these techniques were only marginally effective in reducing 

 impingement. Some were deficient because they created possible personnel 

 hazards or because of the high cost of operating and maintaining them. 



Other electric utilities, including Mystic Station (SWEC 1979), 

 Port Washington (WPLC) 1976), Indian Point (Con Ed 1975, 1980), and J. P. 

 Pulliam (WPLC 1978) , have attempted similar techniques also with limited 

 success. At this time, many nearby plants have or are in the process of 

 installing or backfitting fish return sluiceways as a cost-effective 

 method of reducing fish losses (JCP&L 1981; CHG&E 1977; Boston Ed 1982; 

 NUSCo 1981b). Artificial propagation is also being employed in an 

 attempt to mitigate impingement losses of striped bass ( Morone saxatilis ) 

 on the Hudson River estuary (Con Ed 1977) . 



Survival - Records of impingement survival at Millstone Point date 

 back to April 1974. These data represent immediate survival associated 

 with impingement and specimen handling. Results reported show that, in 

 general, survival is species specific, and varies temporally throughout 

 the year. Delicate fish, like the herrings, have the lowest survival 

 (0-40%) while crabs and lobsters because of their hard exoskeleton 

 experience much higher survival ( > 75%), (NUSCo 1982). 



In 1977, a program of extended (96-h) survival was undertaken to 

 estimate the immediate and delayed effects of impingement stress, and 

 subsequent handling. Results of this study were very similar to the 

 data collected during routine impingement sampling. 



Sluiceways - The most recent and intensive survival study was 

 conducted between December 1980 and April 1981. This study was made in 



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