remaining during the sampling. The chi-square test developed to test 

 this assumption indicated that significant temporary outmigration occurred 

 in all years except 1980. The analysis showed that temporary outmigration 

 occurred only during the first 6 weeks of the population survey, was 

 generally a 2-week phenomenon, and that stabilization of the population 

 occurred about mid-April. This unfortunately indicates that the population 

 of winter flounder during the spawning season, which is of greatest 

 concern, may be subject to sampling error of unknown magnitude. It was 

 suggested in NUSCo (1980) that modifications to the estimation procedures 

 which would account for nonpermanent emigration be applied to improve 

 the estimates of the population size. This recommendation remains 

 relevant and should be investigated in further detail. 

 Assumption 4 



4. All individuals, whether marked or not, have inherently the same 

 chance of being caught without regard for age, sex, or condition. All 

 individuals from different classes within the population are sampled in 

 the proportion in which they occur. 



Begon (1979) stated that the analysis of a heterogeneous population 

 will produce results applicable to neither the different individuals or 

 classes nor to the population as a whole. He suggested that this assumption 

 can be bypassed whenever possible by dealing separately with each sex or 

 age class. Worobec (1981) noted this heterogenity in a similar population 

 study of winter flounder using the Jolly technique in Rhode Island. She 

 noted differential movements of males and females which confounded her 

 population estimates and suggested that each sex should have been analyzed 

 separately. 



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