ball: mollusca and brachiopoda. 255 



Turritidae. 



TVRRIS BoLTEN. 



Turns Rumphiiis, Amboynische Rariteitkaramer, 1704; Argenville, Conchylio- 

 logie, 1757; Chemnitz, Conchylien Cabinet, 1780 (nomenclature prelinnean). 



Murex (sp.) Linne, Syst. Nat., 1758, ed. 10, p. 753; 1767, Eil. 12, p. 1220. 



Fusus (ex parte) Helbling, Abhandl. ein. privatges. in Boehmen, 1779, 4, p. 116; 

 not of Lamarck, 17'J9. 



Turris (Anonymous) in Mus. Calonnianum, 1797, p. 34, 82 ; nude name including 

 T. bahylonius. 



Turris Bolten, Mus. Boltenianum, 1798, p. 123; Ist species Murex bahylonius Linne, 

 after Turris babi/lonica of Rumphius. 



Pleurotoma Lamarck, Prodrome, 1 79'J, p. 73 ; sole ex. Murex babylonius Linn^. 



Turris Gray, P. Z. S. 1847, p. 134, type 7\ bubi/lonius (Linne') ; II. and A. Adams, 

 Gen. Rec. Moll., 1853, 1, p. 87 ; WeinkaufE, Jahrb. Mai. Ges., 1875, p. 285 ; 

 Martini-Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. Zweite Ausg., 1876, 4, pt. 3, Pleurolomacea 

 p. 6 ; Gabb, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 2d ser, 4, p. 378 ; Uall, 

 Journ. Conch. (Leeds), April, 1906, 11, p. 291 ; not Turris Montfort. 1810, 

 nor Turris Lesson, 1837. 



The uarae Turris was origiually proposed by RumpLius in 1704 for the shell 

 afterward called Murex babi/lonius by Liriae. He was followed by other non- 

 biuomial writers, such as Argcuville and Chemnitz. The first binomial use of 

 the name was in the anonymous Museum Calonnianum, but the names of both 

 genus and species listed under it are absolutely " nude." The only way of knowing 

 what the author of the list meaut is by a manuscript note of Humphrey which was 

 inserted in copies sold by him. Turris "Humphrey" is erroneously stated by 

 Herrmaunsen and Cossmanu to have been equivalent to Turritella, which is called 

 Terebra in the Museum Calonnianum. 



In the followiug year the publication of Bolten's catalogue introduced Turris 

 in the sense originated by Rumphius nearly a century before and with the same 

 type included. 



In this Bolten was followed by Fabricius in 1822,^ Gray in 1847, and H. and 

 A. Adams in 1853. No other course is consistent with the rules of nomenclature, 

 as is shown by the writer in an impending publication on the Miocene Fossils of 

 Oregon. 



A year after the issue of Bolten's catalogue Lamarck, disregarding a century of 

 usage and tradition, proposed the name Pleurotoma for this group, wliicli has 

 generally been adopted, owing to the wider circulation of Lamarck's Animaux 

 sans Vertebres, and the influence of the French school, at that time the most bril- 

 liant workers in Conchology of the whole world- 

 It is with regret that we are obliged to discard a familiar name, but there seems 

 to be no alternative open to the impartial student. 



1 Fortegnelscr, p. 83. This is stated on the authority of Ilerrmannsen, as the 

 writer has not been able to consult tliis work. 



