dall: mollusca and brachiopoda. 259 



retracted. The three species kuown to possess this character have therefore been 

 thought worthy of a special name. 



Mangilia Risso, 1S26. Shell small, with an elevated spire, feeble spiral and 

 more emphatic axial sculpture; aperture elongate, outer lip thin, entire, simple; 

 anal sulcus obscure ; animal iuoperculate. Type M. costulata Risso = Murex 

 nebula Montagu. 



Risso named no type, and his species are heterogeneous, as were those of 

 Leach published a quarter of a century later. M. striolata Risso, suggested as 

 type by Gray in 1847, cannot be accepted in that character, as it does not agree 

 with the generic diagnosis, being a Clathurella. By taking the first species as 

 type, which also agrees, not only with the diagnosis but with the majority of the 

 species mentioned by Risso, we come to a result harmonious with the practice of 

 the majority of authors who have treated of the genus. This will exclude from 

 the group a few species of Cylhara and Clathurella unwisely included in Risso's 

 original list. Since the name of the author intended to be honored was Mangili, 

 we accept the correction proposed by Philippi to the Mangelia of Leach and 

 Risso. 



Clathurella Carpenter, 1856. Shell small, short-fusiform, with spiral and 

 axial sculpture, usually pronounced ; the last whorl large, with a very short 

 canal ; outer lip varicose, the margin in the adult projecting as a thin lamina some- 

 what beyond the varix ; anal sulcus strong, not deep, close to but not at the 

 suture, the narrow bit of the outer lip behind the sulcus projected sometimes 

 upon the body of the inner lip as a dentiform or nodulous morsel of callus; 

 except this the body and columella bare, free from callus or lirae or denticulation ; 

 canal narrow, slightly recurved; suture distinct, spire rather acute, operculum 

 wanting. Type Defrancia pagoda Millet; Tertiary fossil, 1825, not Pleurotoma 

 pagoda Reeve, 1845. 



The genus Defrancia was proposed by Millet in a paper printed in the early 

 part of 1827, and in the course of that year it was adopted by Des Moulins and 

 shortly after by several other authors. It was soon pointed out that the name 

 was preoccupied in Polyzoa by Brown, and Philip Carpenter in 1856 proposed 

 for Defrancia Millet, non Brown, the new name of Clathurella, on tiie ground that 

 the former name is preoccupied. Carpenter named no type, and therefore those 

 who concern themselves with the genus must accept as the type of Clathurella 

 the type of the origiual Defraucia Millet. Millet himself named no type, though 

 his species seem all congeneric. 



Lovon, who adopted Dofraucia in 1846, referred to it the recent Pleurotoma 

 linearis, which, although a member of the genus, was not included in Millet's list. 

 Notwithstanding this it has been generally cited as the type of the genus following 

 Gray's mention of it in 1847- The only species mentioned by Millet which is 

 averred to be found living is his 1). suturalis. This is stated by several authors 

 to be identical with Pleurotoma gracilis Philippi (= emarginata Donovan) which 

 has served as the type for the groups Bcllardia Buequoy, Dollfus and Dautzcn- 

 berg, 1882, not of Mayer, 1870; Comarmoudia Mouterosato, 1884, and Bellar 



