hnlf-nicter intcrv.nls, and l.hc resulting "JO x 50 cm qiindrats were 

 non-destruct i vc ly sampled. At low tide seven times per year (Feb., 

 Apr., May, Jul., Sep., Oct., Dec), the percent cover of all organisms 

 and remaining free space were estimated and recorded. An additional 

 percentage was given for the occurrence of 'understory' organisms, to 

 give a more accurate measure of abundance for species that were 

 partially or totally obscured by the canopy layer. 



To represent the horizontal zonation pattern of the shore, each 

 transect was divided into three zones that were characterized by a 

 specific biota: Zone I - upper intertidal, dominated by blue-green 

 algae and Balanus ; Zone II - mid intertidal, largely covered with Fucus 

 vesiculosus and Ascophyllum nodosum ; and Zone III - low intertidal, 

 dominated by Chondrus crispus . 



Data from all transects at each station were pooled to generate an 

 average percent cover for each species in each zone. Each species was 

 then assigned to one of the following functional groups (unoccupied 

 substrata were considered as a separate category) : 



Class 1 - free space; includes rock, sand, and mud. 

 Class 2 - barnacles; mostly Balanus balanoides . 

 Class 3 - mussels; mostly Mytilus edulis . 

 Class 4 - fucoids; Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus spp. 

 Class 5 - carrageenoids ; Chondrus crispus and Gigartina stellata . 

 Class 6 - ephemeral algae; includes host specific epiphytes, non- 

 specific epiphytes, lithophytes, and crusts. 

 Class 7 - grazers; mostly Littorina spp., but includes any primary 



consumer. 

 Class 8 - predators; mostly Uro salpinx cinerea and Thais lapillus , 

 but includes any carnivore that wil] prey upon barnacles, 

 mussels, or the herbivores. 

 These classes were established to condense a large amount of data 

 into a presentable form; however, all calculations of diversity and 

 similarity indices were performed using the entire species list. 



Studies to determine rates and patterns of community recolonization 

 following perturbation were continued at four stations (GN, FE, FS , and 

 WP) . At each station, the three transects (referred to as 



