'913.] STRATIGRAPHY OF PACIFIC COAST OF AMERICA. 589 



Locality 8g ; basal sandstone and conglomerate, seacliffs eastward from 

 Slip Point for half a mile along shore, Clallam Bay, Washington. (A. B. 

 Reagan, H. Hannibal.) 



Locality i6o; massive sandstone, seacliffs at Pillar Point near Clallam 

 Bay, Washington. (H. Hannibal.) 



Locality i6i ; shaly sandstone, seacliffs one and one half miles west of 

 Pillar Point near Clallam Bay, Washington. (H. Hannibal.) 



Locality 163; carbonaceous sandstone, seacliffs at Clallam coal mine near 

 Clallam Bay, Washington. (H. Hannibal.) 



Locality 163; shaly sandstone, seacliffs one and one half miles west of 

 Clallam coal mine near Clallam Bay, Washington. (H. Hannibal./ 



The Empire Formation (Miocene). 



To beds exposed on the east shore of Coos Bay south of Empire, 

 Oregon, Diller**' has given the name Empire formation. This 

 horizon the junior writer found in his field work to be widespread 

 in Western Oregon and Washington. In many respects the Empire 

 fauna is pecuHar since it evidently represents the oldest distinctly 

 Miocene strata on the Pacific Coast. For, while the fauna is per- 

 haps most closely allied to the ScutcUa hreweriana-S. gabbi beds 

 of the San Pablo formation of the San Francisco Bay region in 

 California, the larger proportion of recent species in those deposits 

 and rather marked faunal difi^erences preclude an exact correlation. 



In the Empire district about 500 feet of beds, sandstones at 

 the base grading upward into massive shales partially organic in 

 character, but more or less derived from worked over volcanic 

 debris, represent the formation. i\t Cape Blanco sandstones alter- 

 nating with compact bedded volcanic ash containing abundant plant 

 remains attain about the same thickness. In the area between 

 Willipa Harbor and Grays Harbor in Washington the base of the 

 formation is represented, being marked by a zone of basalt tuffs and 

 breccias. The most important area, however, lies between the Che- 

 halis Valley and the foot of the Olympic Mountains, where the 

 formation attains a thickness of perhaps 4,000 feet, chiefly sand- 

 stones at the base grading upward into massive tuffaceous shales 

 with some intercalated sandstones. Small Empire areas occur on 

 the west coast of the Olympic Peninsula between Cape Grenville and 



4« 17th Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Sun, Pt. I., 1896, p. 475. 



