19 13.] ADVENTURES OF MULADEVA 621 



that Goniputra, and the hke, are metronymics of an author whose 

 real name is no longer known. It is probable, therefore, that Mula- 

 deva, Karnlputra, and Goniputra are one and the same man. In 

 any case there is no occasion for scepticism as regards the identity 

 of Muladeva and Karnisuta. Bana's Kadambari (Peterson's edi- 

 tion, p. 19, 1. 16) states that the Vindhya forest, like the story of 

 Karnisuta, had its Vipulacala and Caga. This is euphuistic indirec- 

 tion (vakrokti) for, " it had extensive mountains and was frequented 

 by hares." The word for mountain is acala, and the word for hare 

 is gaga. These two words figure in the Muladeva legends as proper 

 names of persons, and thus make out a mathematical equation 

 between Muladeva and Karnisuta. 



So much for the name. As regards Miiladeva's character we may 

 begin with his performances as an author. In Ksemendra's Kala- 

 vilasa,^^ a satirical treatise on the foibles or tricks inherent in sundry 

 walks of life, Muladeva appears as the mentor (a sort of Visnugar- 

 man) of a young merchant's son, Candragupta. Miiladeva is desig- 

 nated as dhiirtapati, "prince of rogues." As such he is supposed to 

 be a fit teacher of a young man of wealth and family, the point 

 being that Muladeva is best able to save a youth from the pitfalls of 

 rogues and courtezans. 



Next, he is, as was pointed out above, shining authority on 

 kamagastra : the Paiicasayaka refers to him several times on inti- 

 mate questions of the ars amatoria}- This is supported by a text 

 called Caktiratnakara, which deals with the secret cult of Durga; he 

 is there mentioned along with a set of kamagastra authors which 

 for the most part are cited elsewhere in this sphere of literature. ^^ 

 If my surmise is correct, that Gonikaputra is no other than Mula- 

 deva himself, his authority in this line of literature rises in the scale. 

 Incidental mentions in literature show his adroitness not only in 



11 The text is published in the series Kavyamala, fascicles i and 2 {li 

 An analysis of its contents is given by J. J. Meyer, in the Introduction to his 

 translation of the Samayamatrka, pp. xl ff. Cf. also Sylvain Levi, "La 

 Brhatkathamanjari de Ksemendra," p. 11 (reprint). In Cukasaptati, 23, the 

 merchant Candra entrusts, similarly, his son to the pander Dhurtamaya, to 

 teach him the wiles and tricks of bad women. 



1- See Schmidt, " Beitrage," pp. 50, 879, 919. 



^2 See Charpentier, " Paccekabuddhageschichten," p. 58. 



