I9I3.] ADVENTURES OF MULADEVA 631 



Samayamatrka, p. L ff.) As regards the noble hetsera the class- 

 ical figures of Aspasia, or Phryne, or La'is, those " companions " of 

 antique swell society, come easily to mind as parallels, but parallels 

 may run on different planes. The character of the Hindu hetsera is 

 at times really noble. Such a het?sra, Vasantatilaka, is the friend of 

 the princess Ratnamaiijarl, in Kathakoga, p. 151; another one, 

 Kuberasena, shows the greatest devotion to her children, in Parigista- 

 parvan 2. 225 ff. ; a third one is remarkable for her intellect in Pra- 

 bandhacintamani, p. 67. 



The story of king Vikramaditya and Madanamala, Kathasarit- 

 sagara 38, is a story of a hetaera's true devotion which winds up with 

 the reflection : " Thus, king, even hetseras are occasionally of noble 

 character, and as faithful to kings as their own wives, much more 

 than matrons of high birth." Accordingly, Prabandhacintamani, p. 

 116, describes the hetaera Cauladevi as a famous vessel of beauty and 

 good faith, excelling even matrons of good family. But the high 

 standing of courtezans, as well as their nobility of character, is illus- 

 trated best by Vasantasena, the famous heroine of the " Toy-Cart." 

 She loves the Brahman merchant Carudatta, who has impoverished 

 himself by liberality, and ultimately becomes his wife. In our story 

 Devadatta rivals Vasantasena in tone and character, and yet she is 

 a courtezan with a villainous " Mama " to guide and browbeat her, 

 and otherwise surrounded with all the animate and inanimate real 

 properties of her vocation. The description of the Mama, as given in 

 Samayamatrka and Kuttanimatam, shall not blacken these pages, ^'^ 

 but I may draw attention, as one of the gems of our romance, to the 

 symbolic debate between the Mama and Devadatta which contrasts 

 the former's sordidness with the latter's refinement. 



In the legend at large MiJladeva is in the habit of training with a 

 friend, or boon companion. Mention has been made above (p. 622) 

 of one Kandaria (Skt. Kandarika), but Kandarika belong rather to 

 the Bambhadatta cycle of stories, as one name (the other is Vara- 

 dhanu, or Varadhanuga) of the fidus Achates of the adventurous 

 prince Bambhadatta.^* In the Brhat-katha books (Kathasaritsagara 



2" Cf. the doings of Daiistrakarala and Dhurtamaya in Cukasaptati 22 

 and 23. 



28 Cf. Leumann, WZKU. vi. 43. 



