JURASSIC FLOE A OF DOUGLAS COUNTY, OREG. 137 



Genus CARPOLITHUS Mioiii/' 



Carpolithus olallensis Ward n. sp.* 



PI. XXXVII, Figs. 7, 8. 



Two nut-like objects were found at locality No. 7 that seem to be 

 essentially the same, although varying slightly in form. They seem 

 to be nut-like seeds, as they stand out quite convex from the stone 



"In the Nineteenth Ann. Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv., Pt. II, 1899, p. 691, this generic name was credited to 

 Artis, who used it in his Antediluvian Phytology, 1825, pp. XV and 22, in a systematic way. In tlie Twentieth 

 Ann. Rep., Pt. II, 1900, p. 363, it was credited to Stokes and Webb, who used it one year eadier in a more 

 obscure way, wliich I had overloolied. An explanatory footnote was appended in which I stated that this 

 orthography was retained in preference to OarpoUihes of Schlotheim, 1820, "on the assumption that it may 

 ultimately be found to have priority when the investigation is complete," and I drew attention to the use of 

 the plural form, Garpolithi, by Walch in 1771. Since that time I have made furthej investigations, and 

 succeeded in verifying this surmise. In 1757 a work by Alhoni (Carolus Allionius) was published in Paris 

 with the following title: Oryctographi* Pedemontanse Specimen, exhibens corpora fossilia terrse adventitia. 

 Pp. I-VIII+1-S2-I-2 pp. index. On pages 3-14 the names Phytolithus, Lithoxylon, and Carpolithus 

 occur, and are sufficiently described. Carpolithus occurs only once, on page 6, and under it a specimen is 

 described in the following words: 



"Fructum nucis Juglandis ochrti quAdam terrificatum humanissime largitus est mihi amicissimus Richerius 

 . . . Observatu dignum est, corticem, seu testam osseam fructus nucis Juglandis constimptam, integerrimo 

 superstite fructu." 



This fruit, as it seems from further explanations of the author, was sent to him by his friend Richerius, who 

 found it on a well-known hill called la Morra, in Piedmont. Sismonda, who worked up the fossil flora of Pied- 

 mont (Prodrome d'une Flore tertiaire du Piemont, par Eugene Sismonda, Mem. Acad. Sci. de Turin, 2' st'r., 

 tome XVIII, pp. 519-547, pi. i-iv; Materiaux pour servir a la Paleontologie du Terrain Tertiaire du Piemont , par 

 Eugene Sismonda, op. cit., 2', ser., tome XXII pp. 391-491, pi. i-xxxiii), gives Morra as the locality fcr ths 

 well-known fossil nut called Juglans nuxiaurinensis, named and described by Brongniart in 1822 (Mem. Mus. 

 Hist. Nat. de Paris, Vol. VIII, p. 323, pi. xvii, fig. 6), which has been mentioned by many later authors, and 

 of which Gaudin found additional specimens in the Val d'Arno. Brongniart speaks of it as a well-known nut 

 at that time, popularly called "noix de Turin," but says it was found in the hills that form apart of the upper 

 beds in the vicinity of Turin. He does not mention the work of Allioni, and none of the authors that have sub- 

 sequently dealt with that form seem to have been acquainted with it. It seems probable that it is the same 

 specimen which had lain in the Paris Museum ever since 1757. Brongniart's figure agrees ver}' well with 

 Allioni's description. Sismonda seems to have had other specimens from the same locality, as all agree that 

 these nuts were common there, and that leaf impressions also occur in the same beds. Sismonda describes 

 the geological relations at Morra and classes the beds in the Upper IVIiocene, but neither he nor any other author 

 makes it clear just where la Morra is. There are several towns by that name in Ital}', one of which is in Pied- 

 mont on the Tanaro, but it is doubtful whether this is the same. At all events the name Carpolithus is thus 

 definitely established, and must now be credited to Allioni. 



Prof. Ralph S. Tarr, who once did some literary work for the United States Geological Survey in the libraries 

 of Cambridge and Boston, discovered this work of Allioni in the library of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 

 at Harvard University and made some notes on a slip that he sent on with his papers. These notes were insuf- 

 ficient to decide the question, but the name Carpolithus occurred on the slip. In discussing the matter mth 

 Mr. David White, who has had the same difficulty with Carpolithus that I have had, he offered to write to 

 Prof. J. B. Woodworth and ask him to invesrigate the question. Professor Woodworth very kindly di J so and 

 made a full report. It is from his letter that the above facts relative to Allioni's work are taken, and I 

 take this opportunity to acknowledge my indebtedness to him. — L. F. W. 



I> The name given by Professor Fontaine to this form had already been twice used for other objects and had 

 to be changed. The name I have chosen refers to Olalla Creek on a branch of whish it was found. — L. F. W. 



